Pneumonia
What are the S&S of pneumonia?
Fever, tachycardia, discolored sputum, dyspnea, altered mental status, decreased oxygen –hypoxia due to exudate build up in the alveoli
Anemia due to lack of Vit B12 is called?
Pernicious anemia
Which disease is characterized by to fibrosis of the bronchial walls causing structural changes
Chronic bronchitis
What is the reason for type I diabetes?
Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
The manifestations of Addison disease include
low blood pressure, low blood sugar, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, hyperpigmentation of the skin, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia
What is the type of pneumonia one can develop after dining in a restaurant?
Community acquired
Blood loss causes what type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
Which is the main manifestation of COPD?
Chronic productive cough with mucus
Which are the microvascular chronic complications of DM?
Neuropathy
Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Manifestation of hyperthyroidism include
high blood pressure, flushed and warm, anxiety, tachycardia
Which type of pneumonia is hard to treat? bacterial or viral?
viral
Chemotherapy causes what type of anemia
Aplastic anemia
Which are the manifestations from the brain as a result of impaired gas exchange?
•Confusion
•Lethargy
•Weakness
•Fatigue
•Altered mental status
What causes DM type II?
the pancreas secretes inadequate amounts of insulin and/or the body has developed a resistance to the insulin that is secreted.
What are S &S of hypothyroidism?
depression, high cholesterol, slow heart rate, dry skin, slow heart rate, cold sensitivity
Why is it hard to treat viral pneumonia?
Because viruses replicate inside host cells, it is harder to target them
What is gas exchange?
transportation of oxygen (O2) into the blood and cells and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood and cells
What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
•Inflammation of the mucosa with edema
•Contraction of smooth muscle (bronchoconstriction)
•Increased secretion of thick mucus in the passages
What is the purpose of checking A1C levels?
indicates a client’s blood glucose control over an 8 to 12 week period
What are the manifestations of Cushing's disease?
emotional lability, depression, hypertension, muscle weakness, truncal obesity, poor wound healing, decreased immune response, moon face
Bacterial pneumonia causes what sputum color?
Green
What causes inadequate gas exchange?
•Not enough oxygen in the environment (suffocation)
•Too much carbon dioxide in the environment (carbon dioxide poisoning)
•Partial or full blockage between the mouth and the alveoli (choking)
•Blockage of gas exchange by another substance or chemical (drowning, infection, fluid in the lungs)
•Lack of surface area for gas exchange (alveolar destruction, fibrosis in the lungs)
•Not enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen (anemia)
•Blood clots in the capillaries or veins (pulmonary emboli)
•Difficulty exhaling because of trapped air (asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Clubbed fingers and pursed-lip breathing are characteristics of which disease?
COPD
DKA is characterized by?
Kussmauls Respirations, fruity breath
Ketonuria,
Glucosuria, tachycardia
Metabolic acidosis (and hyperkalemia)
What are the manifestations for SIADH ?
•Fluid volume excess (fluid retention), concentrated urine, elevated BP, crackles in the lungs
•Electrolyte imbalance (especially low sodium)