Factual questions
Benefits of enclosure
Polanyi admits enclosure helped:
Why Polanyi called enclosures “a revolution of the rich against the poor”?
Rich landowners gained land, Poor peasants lost homes and livelihoods
It benefited elites at the expense of the poor.
If a major power successfully incorporates part of a neighboring state and faces minimal international consequences, which outcome is most consistent with historical patterns of colonial expansion?
A) Other states will avoid similar actions
B) It may embolden other revisionist powers to pursue territorial expansion
C) Global institutions will immediately strengthen
D) Colonialism becomes irrelevant in the 21st century
B) It may embolden other revisionist powers to pursue territorial expansion
This line divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Equator
What did Polanyi think about sudden changes in a society that many believed to be too fast?
Polanyi believed that sudden social and economic changes are dangerous because societies need time to adapt. Rapid change can destroy people's way of life and create social suffering.
Was this more of a revolutionary change or revolutionary change?
Revolutionary, because it destroyed old social structures and created a new economic system
It was a radical transformation, not gradual evolution.
Polanyi insists that the self-regulating market was not natural but historically constructed. Which scenario best reflects his argument?
A) Markets emerge spontaneously wherever humans trade
B) Governments must actively create conditions where land, labor, and money are treated as commodities
C) Technological innovation automatically produces free markets
D) Capitalists naturally avoid state intervention
B) Governments must actively create conditions where land, labor, and money are treated as commodities
The smallest country in the world by area
Vatican City
What impact does the free market have upon humans’ relationship with each other and the natural environment, according to Polanyi?
Polanyi argued the free market turns:
This damages:
Would the Industrial Revolution have been possible without the preceding enclosure movement?
Probably not.
Enclosure:
Within a state, a minority region rich in natural resources is placed under central control. Local political leaders are replaced, and extraction industries expand. Profits primarily benefit the capital city.
This situation most closely resembles:
A) Federal decentralization
B) Internal colonialism
C) Administrative reform
D) Economic modernization
B) Internal colonialism
This vitamin is primarily produced when human skin is exposed to sunlight
Vitamin D
According to Polanyi, what did this formula assume and how did it describe relations between rich and poor?
“"The poor man shall be satisfied in his end: Habitation; and the gentleman not hindered in his desire: Improvement."”
It assumed that:
Polanyi believed this formula justified inequality and ignored the suffering of the poor.
What role do you think that Parliament played in the unfolding of the enclosure movement, particularly with regards to Parliamentarians relationship to the rising middle classes in England?
Parliament:
A state expands extraction of oil in a peripheral region inhabited by an ethnic minority. Environmental degradation increases, while profits are redistributed nationally.
What is the core structural tension?
A) Environmental policy failure
B) Unequal exchange between center and periphery
C) Cultural misunderstanding
D) Inefficient management
B) Unequal exchange between center and periphery
The largest hot desert in the world.
Sahara
According to Polanyi, what effect did the enclosure movement have on England’s government in the centuries after the Tudors and Stuarts?
It shifted government policy toward supporting landowners and capitalism instead of protecting the poor.
What are some contemporary examples that seem analogous to the enclosure movement?
A small country remains politically independent but:
Elections continue. No territory changes hands.
Which description is most analytically accurate?
A) Full sovereignty remains intact.
B) This is pure alliance politics.
C) This may constitute informal empire without direct rule.
D) This is economic modernization.
C) This may constitute informal empire without direct rule
The highest mountain in Europe
Mount Elbrus