Chapter 12
Four DNA bases
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
What is transcription
the process of transferring the code from DNA to mRNA
What is selective breeding
a form of evolution controlled by humans; a selecting of the best traits for an organism
What did Luther Burbank do
created over 800 varieties of plants
What is Ecology?
Ecology is the study of the interaction between groups of organisms and their environment.
Two stages of Protein Synthesis
Smooth strain causes
pneumonia
Mutations can be increased by
using radiation & chemicals
Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population
by inducing mutations
Food web cons of
two or more interconnecting food chains.
Who discovered that DNA stores & transmits the genetic information from one generation to the next
Oswald Avery
A-T and C-G have how many hydrogen bonds
A-T has 2 and C-G has 3
DNA is separated by
gel electrophoresis
Are polyploidy usually fatal in animals or plants
They are fatal in animals but not in plants
Food chains always begin with
Primary producers
DNA is made up of
Nucleotides
What does RNA stand for
ribonucleic acid
To much inbreeding may
bring about more recessive traits showing up in the new generations
Short sequences of DNA can be assembled by using the laboratory machines called
DNA synthesizers
Lightening storms and fuel burning in car engines produce
nitrates
The genetic code is determined by
the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule
Mutation is
a mistake in heredity; change in the chromosomes or genes (DNA nucleotides)
enzymes are used to
open up the phospholipid bilayer & nuclear membrane
What is Plasmid
circular DNA found in bacteria
When organisms die their proteins are converted to ammonia by
bacterial decomposition