chapter 14
This genetic disorder is caused by nondisjunction and results in three copies of chromosome 21
What is Down syndrome?
This scientist developed the theory of natural selection after traveling on the HMS Beagle
Who is Charles Darwin?
This scientist believed in the “Law of Use and Disuse”
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
This is the complete set of alleles in a population
What is a gene pool?
This random change in allele frequency happens more often in small populations
What is genetic drift?
This recessive disorder is caused by a 3-base deletion on chromosome 7 that affects the chloride pump and leads to thick mucus in the lungs
What is cystic fibrosis?
This process explains how individuals best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce
What is natural selection?
This term describes similar body parts in different species that suggest common ancestry
What are homologous structures?
This principle says allele frequencies stay constant if no evolutionary forces act on a population
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
This effect occurs when a small group starts a new population with different allele frequencies
What is the founder effect?
This condition is caused by missing a protein called a clotting factor and can lead to excessive bleeding
What is hemophilia?
These structures, like the human appendix, are inherited from ancestors but have little or no current function
What are vestigial organs?
This is the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived long ago
What is a fossil?
This type of selection favors individuals at one extreme of a trait range
What is directional selection?
This term describes the formation of a new species
What is speciation?
This process uses restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis to create a unique pattern of DNA bands for identification
What is DNA fingerprinting?
This 1859 book explained Darwin’s theory of natural selection
What is On the Origin of Species?
This type of selection occurs when humans choose traits they find useful in plants or animals
What is artificial selection?
This type of selection favors individuals in the middle of the trait range
What is stabilizing selection?
This type of isolation occurs when populations are separated by mountains, rivers, or oceans
What is geographic isolation?
This large scientific project, started in 1990, worked to identify and map all the genes in human DNA
What is the Human Genome Project?
These islands helped Darwin develop his ideas after studying finches and tortoises
What are the Galápagos Islands?
This idea explains that organisms produce more offspring than can survive, causing competition
What is overproduction?
This type of selection favors both extremes and can split a population into two groups
What is disruptive selection?
This condition of the Hardy-Weinberg principle requires no mutations, no natural selection, and random mating
What is genetic equilibrium?