Philosophy of Psychology
Research Ethics
The Limits of Experience
Articles and Sources
Claims, Validity and Causation
Variables and Variable Types
Measurement
APA Style
100
A role of a person who reads and utilizes, but doesn't actually conduct, scientific research
What is a consumer of research?
100
The report establishing the three ethical principles that guide modern research ethics law and policy
What is the Belmont Report?
100
A group of people in a scientific study that are not given a treatment or manipulated variable.
What is a Comparison/Control group?
100
A journal article that reports the results of a single scientific study
What is an empirical journal article?
100
A type of validity that has to do with having a large enough sample size, conducting the correct mathematical test, and having a large difference between groups
What is statistical validity?
100
The variable type for a variable like "The title of a person's favorite book"
What is a nominal variable?
100
An individual statement or question on a scale used to measure a variable. One scale may easily have 8-20 of these.
What is an item?
100
The term for mentioning a study in parentheses to support your claim, such as (Cooper, 2023).
What is a citation?
200
A periodical that involves extensive and lengthy peer review in order to publish the results of psychological studies, especially for other scientists
What is a scientific journal?
200
A document that participants sign before participating in a study that gives them information about what will happen in the study, their rights, and the risks and benefits of participating
What is an Informed Consent Form?
200
The tendency to recall information that you have heard recently or that can most easily come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
200
The section of an empirical journal article in which the author describes what they actually did to collect data in the study, include the participants, what measures are used, how they manipulated their variables, and the process participants went through
What is the Methods Section?
200
A subtype of construct validity where an item on a survey appears, just by looking at it, to be measuring what it purports to be measuring
What is face validity?
200
The variable you directly control in an experiment, that you think is the "cause" in a cause and effect relationship
What is an independent/manipulated variable?
200
An item on a scale measuring the opposite of what the scale is intended to measure
What is a reverse-coded item.
200
A type of writing that sneaks in assumptions, often harmful assumptions about social groups, such as "she suffers from autism", which is to be avoided in APA style.
What is biased language?
300
Moral, Aesthetic, Phenomenological, Definitional, and Semiotic questions are all examples.
What are types of questions that empirical science can't answer?
300
A study in which the researchers know who the participants are, but don't share the personally identifying information of the participants with anyone else
What is a confidential study?
300
A third, hidden, lurking variable that may actually be responsible for both the independent and dependent variable. Not controlling for this may make it seem like the independent variable is causing a change in the dependent variable, when actually, there is no cause and effect relationship.
What is a confounding variable/a confound?
300
An umbrella term for a review journal article that involves a set of strict and detailed rules for selecting and finding past research articles to review, as opposed to just doing a more general literature review.
What is a systematic review/systematic review article?
300
A claim that two variables are related, but not necessarily that one causes another
What is an associational claim?
300
The variable you think is the "effect" in a cause and effect relationship, which you don't directly control.
What is a measured/dependent variable?
300
A measure of a variable that involves taking a measure of something about their body.
What is a physiological measure?
300
A feature of what both the name of the journal and volume number need to have in an APA style reference.
What is italicization?
400
The "test it out" and "observe it" philosophy that is the foundation of psychological science.
What is Empiricism?
400
What a 3-17 year old can provide in a study that indicates their willingness to participate, without reaching the legal threshold of Consent.
What is Assent?
400
The tendency for people to search for, over-value, and over-remember information that supports their pre-existing beliefs, and ignore, under-value, or forget information that doesn't support their pre-existing beliefs
What is confirmation bias/belief confirmation bias?
400
An illegal website that has free pdfs of a wide variety of normally paywalled scientific journal articles
What is Sci-Hub?
400
Evidence of construct validity provided by showing that your scale has a positive correlation with another established scale that we would expect it to if we were really measuring the variable we think we are
What is convergent validity?
400
A definition for a variable that indicates how the variable is practically implemented in the study
What is an operational definition/operationalization?
400
A type of scale in which participants rate their agreement or frequency with a statement on a 5 or 7 point Interval scale.
What is a Likert Type Scale?
400
The first word of an article title, first word of a subtitle, and proper nouns
What are the parts of a reference requiring capitalization?
500
Because Dr. Miranda does research on school literacy programs to directly find the best ways to implement better reading strategies in real schools, Dr. Miranda's research is best described as _________ research
What is applied research?
500
The ethical requirement that is violated in a study where people only get paid if they answer all of the question on a survey.
What is the Right to Withdraw?
500
The tendency for people to underestimate the extent to which they are affected by bias.
What is the bias blind spot?
500
A type of review article that involves statistically combining together several other empirical studies to estimate the overall effect of one variable on another variable.
What is a meta-analysis?
500
A description of the relationship between two variables illustrated by this scatterplot:
What is a strong negative correlation?
500
A type of variable that has a true zero, and evenly spaced increments, such as the number of siblings a person has.
What is a ratio variable?
500
A type of measure of a variable involving counting a behavior the participant engages in
What is an observational measure?
500
The act of writing about something while obscuring who actually engaged in the action you are writing about, typically to be avoided in APA style
What is passive voice?
600
An example of this type of claim would be "This therapy works, but only for people who are open to changing. If it doesn't work, that means you weren't really open to change in the first place".
What is an Unfalsifiable claim/No True Scotsman claim?
600
A legal document that you can request from the National Institutes of Health to prevent your research data from being subpoenaed.
What is a Certificate of Confidentiality?
600
The tendency to overvalue especially emotional information or our own emotional cues when trying to evaluate the costs and benefits of a particular choice.
What is the affect heuristic?
600
A research tool that is especially helpful for suggesting related articles after you have already identified a handful of articles that are specific to the research area you are interested in
What is Research Rabbit?
600
The extent to which what someone does in a study resembles how that behavior/task actually operates in the real world, outside of the lab setting.
What is ecological validity?
600
A variable with no true zero, but evenly spaced increments, such as temperature in Fahrenheit
What is an interval variable?
600
The correct score on a 1-84 scale for a reverse-coded item of a participant who answered 32.
What is 53?
600
The act of writing about something that is not a human as though it has human-like characteristics, to be avoided in APA style
What is Anthropomorphization?