Terror and Reform
How did Alexander II die?
Bomb assassination
Define mir (extra 100 points: What was the feudal-era system where peasants were legally forced to work in a lord’s estate/land)
Village communities (from landlords given to peasants in which they had to pay a 50-year mortgage before being able to leave)
Extra point: Serfdom
What is Bloody Sunday?
Peaceful protesters were shot by soldiers in 1905, starting nationwide unrest.
Who took over as Tsar right after Alexander I died in 1825
Nicholas I
What does Nihilist means
“Nothing” in Latin
Define Pogrom
Organized massacre of a minority group
What was built in commemoration for Alexander II’s assassination (extra 100 points if you know what city).
Savior of the Spilled Blood - St Petersburg
What is October Manifesto?
A document that promised rights and created the Duma, but the tsar kept power.
What was the name of the 1825 military revolt that was quickly crushed by the government?
The Decembrist Revolt.
Free 100 point
Free 100 point
What was the goal of the Nihilists?
to establish a rational, socialist, anarchist, scientific society
Which 3 groups could vote in the Zemstvos?
The Nobility, the wealthy, the peasants
Who are the Bolsheviks?
A radical Marxist group led by Lenin that wanted a socialist revolution.
Why did Russian officers suddenly start wanting a constitution and the end of serfdom?
They were impressed by the reforms they saw in Western Europe while fighting in the Napoleonic Wars.
What is Serbia?
The country Russia defended in 1914, helping start World War I.
What did the Populists believe about the future of the social/political state of Russia?
Populists believed that the peasants would revolt, overthrow the cazr, and establish a socialist society
Alexander II’s nicknamed?
Tsar Liberator , Czar Liberator
What is Russo-Japanese war?
A war Russia lost in 1904–1905, which increased anger against the government.
How did Nicholas I respond to people who wanted change during his reign?
He used secret police with the power to arrest people without trial and strictly censored the press.
What were the three pillars of Russian society?
the Church, the Family, the State
Name some ways Alexander III revered his father’s reforms.
Abolished autonoy in schools. restored censorship press, extended the secret powers of the secret police
Name 3 of Alexander II’s reform and a result of it.
Emancipation of serfs, Limiting of “secret police” (KGB people), Expanded educational system, Introduced Zemstvos (Modernized judicial system), eased restrictions on the press.
Who is Nicholas Tsar II?
The last Russian tsar who ruled with mostly absolute power.
What major event finally proved the Russian Empire was in "serious trouble" and forced the government to consider major changes?
Russia’s losses in the Crimean War.
Name 3 of the campaigns that were supported by the nobility during the era of Nicholas I and Alexander I.
Napoleonic campaigns, Decembrist / December Revolt of 1825, Polish Uprising / November Uprising of 1830, Hungary Uprising of 1848