African Independence Leaders
This South African leader spent 27 years in prison before becoming president.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid in this country.
What is South Africa?
This system of racial segregation existed in South Africa.
What is Apartheid?
Mandela was released from prison in this year.
What is 1990?
Many African countries experienced these sudden military takeovers.
What are coups?
This Ghanaian leader promoted Pan-African unity and led the first Sub-Saharan country to independence in 1957.
Who is Kwame Nkrumah?
Kwame Nkrumah led this West African country to independence.
What is Ghana?
European powers divided Africa at this 1884–1885 conference.
What is the Berlin Conference?
The year Ghana became the first independent Sub-Saharan African country.
What is 1957?
Borders drawn by Europeans often caused this type of conflict.
What is ethnic conflict?
This Kenyan nationalist became the first president after independence from Britain.
Who is Jomo Kenyatta?
Jomo Kenyatta became the first president of this East African country.
What is Kenya?
Britain often ruled colonies through local chiefs using this system.
What is indirect rule?
This global conflict weakened European colonial powers and accelerated independence movements.
What is World War II?
Many economies remained dependent on exporting these.
What are raw materials/resources?
This Congolese prime minister was assassinated shortly after independence in 1961.
Who is Patrice Lumumba?
Patrice Lumumba led this mineral-rich Central African nation.
What is the Congo (DRC)?
France attempted to turn Africans into French citizens through this policy.
What is assimilation?
This movement promoted unity among African nations.
What is Pan-Africanism?
Global powers often supported different factions during the Cold War in Africa.
What are proxy conflicts?
This Tanzanian leader promoted African socialism called Ujamaa.
Who is Julius Nyerere?
Julius Nyerere led the independence movement in this country formerly called Tanganyika.
What is Tanzania?
The belief that Europeans had a duty to “civilize” others.
What is the White Man’s Burden?
The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union influenced African politics after independence.
What is the Cold War?
Many African nations struggled with building stable governments after colonial rule.
What is nation-building?