Grammar Foundations
According to Thornbury, what is the definition of grammar?
A description of the rules that govern how a language's sentences are formed.
Which ability focuses on producing correct sentences using proper grammar and vocabulary?
Accuracy.
How does a deductive approach to teaching grammar start?
With the presentation of a rule, followed by examples.
In an inductive approach, how do students learn the grammar rule?
They infer the rule from provided examples (they discover it).
What is the "compromise position" between using authentic texts and specially written EFL texts?
To take authentic texts and simplify them while retaining their genuine flavor.
What are the two primary purposes of grammar teaching mentioned in the slides?
Accuracy and Fluency.
Name two specific activities used for "Accuracy development."
Grammar presentations, gap-fill exercises, or frame dialogues.
List one major advantage of the deductive approach.
It is time-saving and gets straight to the point (or respects adult students' intelligence).
Name three types of activities used in the inductive method.
Engaging (pictures/video), Controlled drills, Meaningful drills, TPR, Matching, or Role play.
Why are specially tailored coursebook texts sometimes criticized?
They can give off a "slightly unreal air" and represent language poorly in real-life contexts.
What are the three components focused on in "Grammar in Context"?
Form, Meaning, and Usage
In "Fluency development," what kind of materials are typically used?
Authentic texts and whole pieces of discourse (conversations, stories).
What is the main disadvantage of starting a lesson with a grammar presentation for younger learners?
They may lack "metalanguage" (knowledge of grammar terminology) to understand the concepts.
What is a significant risk for students when using the inductive approach?
Students may hypothesize the wrong rule, or their version of the rule may be too broad or narrow.
In the "Grammar Lesson Checklist," what are two strategies mentioned for explaining a grammar point?
Elicitation, comprehension checks, confirmation checks, or asking leading questions.
Why is language described as "context-sensitive"?
Because an utterance becomes fully intelligible only when it is placed in its context.
What is the main purpose of Fluency development activities?
To develop fluency in using the language in spontaneous communication.
What kind of classroom environment does the deductive approach often encourage?
A teacher-fronted, transmission-style classroom at the expense of student involvement.
Why is the inductive approach demanding for teachers?
It requires careful selection and organization of data to guide learners to an accurate formulation of the rule.
What is the final conclusion regarding the "best" method for grammar presentation?
No single method is appropriate for all grammar items, learners, or contexts.