Fluency
Any form of water that falls from clouds to Earth
What is precipitation?
Which state has particles tightly packed in a pattern?
What is solid?
When water changes from gas → liquid, energy
Decreases
Which heats faster: 50 mL or 200 mL of water?
50 mL
What provides energy for evaporation?
The Sun
The force that pulls water to Earth’s surface
What is gravity?
Which state has particles moving freely and spread out?
What is gas?
When water changes from liquid → solid, energy
Decreases
If water amount increases, energy needed
Increases
What process forms clouds?
Condensation
The distance from the equator that affects climate
What is latitude?
Why does solid water (ice) float on liquid water?
Particles are farther apart / less dense
What happens to kinetic energy when heat is added?
It increases
Why does 200 mL need more energy than 100 mL?
More mass = more energy required
Which process is directly caused by gravity?
Precipitation
Gas → liquid phase change
What is condensation?
Explain what shows liquid particles?
Particles close but not fixed
What happens to particles as thermal energy increases?
They move faster
What does a correct heating graph look like?
Steady increase over time
Name TWO more gravity-driven processes
Runoff & infiltration
Weather patterns over a long time
What is climate?
Which arrangement matches: solid → liquid → gas?
Solid = tight, Liquid = close/random, Gas = spread out
Why do phase changes happen?
Because energy is added or removed
If energy is constant, temperature will
Increase steadily (not jump around)
Explain how energy drives the entire water cycle
Sun adds energy → evaporation → condensation → precipitation → runoff