Approaches 1
The focus is on meaningful communication, which includes using language appropriately, fluently, and meaningfully rather than only knowing grammatical rules.
Communicative Approach
The approach focuses on the learner’s feelings, emotions, motivation, and personal development in the language learning process.
Humanistic Approach
The method emphasizes habit formation through repetition, drills, and memorization, focusing heavily on listening and speaking to achieve native-like fluency, influenced by behaviorist psychology.
The audio-lingual method
This method provides with the ability to read and translate literary masterpieces and classics. Most of the classroom communication happens in the learners’ native language. Grammar is taught deductively.
THE GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD
Which skil(s) can be developed when using the following techniques: role-plays, information-gap activities?
Speaking and Listening
The approach views learning as the formation of habits through stimulus, response, and reinforcement. Language is learned through repetition, imitation, and practice.This approach strongly influenced the development of the Audio-Lingual Method in foreign language teaching.
Behaviorist Approach
The approach focuses on teaching the grammatical structures and patterns of a language. Language is viewed as a system of interrelated structures (such as sentence patterns), and learning involves mastering these structures step by step.
Structural Approach
Students are encouraged to speak most of the time. Learning consists of trial and error, deliberate experimentation, and revising conclusions.
The Silent Way
It is sometimes called the natural method, refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language.
DIRECT METHOD
What is the “think–pair–share” technique?
Students first think about a question individually, then discuss their ideas with a partner, and finally share their answers with the whole class.
It is based on the idea that foreign languages are learned in a way similar to how people acquire their first language. In this approach, students are first exposed to a large amount of comprehensible input (language they can understand).
Natural Approach
The approach views language learning as a mental process in which learners actively think about, understand, and organize language rules.
Cognitive Approach
The teaching method, which involves the creation of a very safe environment in which students are allowed to explore, but they have to feel safe.
SUGGESTOPEDIA
The cons ao this method are:
·limited speaking and listening practice
·lacks real-life communication skills
·can be tiring
THE GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD
How does the flipped classroom technique support language learning?
Students study theoretical material at home (for example, through videos or readings) and use class time for practice, discussion, and communicative activities.
The approach is based on the idea that language learning occurs through social interaction and communication with others. It emphasizes the importance of culture, collaboration, and the social context in the learning process.
Sociocultural Approach
It focuses on the idea that language is mainly composed of lexical units or chunks, such as collocations, fixed expressions, and common phrases.
Lexical Approach
This method is ideal for kinesthetic learners (refers to the need for movement and realistic situational examples when acquiring information).
TORAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE (TPR)
It focuses on the use of authentic language to complete meaningful tasks in the target language. The teacher acts as a guide, providing scaffolding while learners take an active role.
TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT)
This technique is used to generate ideas and vocabulary on a particular topic before speaking, writing, or reading activities.
Brainstorming
The goal is for students to perform specific tasks or functions in the target language rather than just memorize rules. It focuses on practical skills and real-life tasks, often includes task-based methods
Competency-Based Approach
The key features of this approach are:
•focus on understanding language rules
•active mental participation of learners
•development of thinking and learning strategies
•importance of meaningful practice rather than mechanical repetition.
Cognitive Approach
Adherents of this method believe that language skills are learned more effectively when they are presented orally first and then in written form. Mistakes are considered undesirable and should be avoided, as they may lead to the formation of bad habits.
THE AUDIO-LIGUAL METHOD
Instead of learning language in isolation, students acquire it as a tool for exploring meaningful content, promoting higher motivation and authentic, context-driven communication.
CONTENT-BASED INSTRUCTION (CBI)
Name at least 3 factors a teacher should consider when selecting appropriate language teaching techniques.
A teacher should consider the lesson objectives, students’ language level, age, class size, and the available time and resources.