Checks and Balances
How can Congress override a presidential veto?
A 2/3 Vote
What is the label for the president's role as head of the military?
Commander in Chief
This case established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional:
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Which case determined that school-sponsored prayer violates separation of church and state?
Engel v Vitale (1962)
Which clause guarantees civil liberties are applied to all?
Equal Protection Clause
This type of due process focuses on the procedures the government must follow before depriving someone of life, liberty, or propery:
Procedural due process
The largest desert in the world:
Antarctic Desert (Over 14 Million Square Kilometers)
Presidential appointments can only be upheld by:
Senate Confirmation
Stare Decisis
Which case ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights at school when engaging in symbolic speech?
Tinker v. Des Moines
U.S. v Lopez (1995) determined that Congress exceeded its power of creating the Gun-Free School zones act. What constitutional clause was being interpreted in this case?
Commerce clause - GFSZA exceeded power of Congress. (Bringing a gun to school is not an economic activity)
-> Resulted in the government rewriting the law, Federal government can regulate the buying/selling/crossing of state lines. States can regulate schools, safety, local gun laws.
What doctrine applies the Bill of Rights to the states?
Selective Incorporation
This legal principle prevents evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights from being used in court:
The Exclusionary Rule
This organ in the human body produces insulin:
Pancrease
Impeachment involves both houses of Congress, how?
House files articles of impeachment, Senate presides as jury during impeachment
The type of opinion that reflects the opposite of the majority of justices:
Dissenting Opinion
This case held that government cannot prevent the press from publishing information unless it poses a clear and present danger:
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
Which case established the 'Separate but equal' doctrine, which later case declared it unconstitutional?
Plessy v Ferguson - Brown v Board
Which two clauses regarding religion stem from the 1st amendment?
Establishment Clause, Free Exercise Clause
Griswold v. Connecticut established that individuals have what right in marital relationships?
Privacy
This planet has the most moons in our solar system:
Saturn
Congress can limit courts by controlling/changing what?
- Congress can pass laws changing the jurisdiction of federal courts over certain cases
The president can utilize ______________, refusing to release information.
Executive Privilege (U.S. v Nixon)
What was the result of McDonald v Chicago (2010)?
The Second Amendment right to bear arms applies to the states via selective incorporation
Which case established the 'Clear and Present Danger' test, which case established the 'Imminent Lawless Action' test?
Schenck v U.S. (1919) - Clear and Present Danger
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) - Imminent Lawless Action
This constitutional principle protects fundamental rights from government interference, even if proper procedures are followed:
Substantive Due Process
These type of rights refer to protections that are not explicitly listed in the Constitution, but are inferred from other rights:
Unenumerated rights.
(Not Implied Powers : Implied powers refers to what unlisted powers the government can utilize)
Which country has the largest population in Africa?
Nigeria (237 Million)
How can Congress check the federal bureaucracy?
Congressional Oversight / Power of the Purse/ Legislation / Senate confirmation
The relationship between Congress, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups working together is known as:
Iron Triangle
What was the result of Shaw v. Reno (1993)? What constitutional principle was at stake (interpreted)?
Cannot gerrymander with race being the predominant factor of changing district lines. Equal protection Clause 14th Amendment.
In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) - it determined that corporations can spend unlimited amounts of money on political expenditures (advertising/campaigns), meaning that political spending is a form of?
Free Speech / Symbolic Speech (1st Am.)
Scenario: A city passes a law banning all public protests within 5 miles of government buildings, citing public safety concerns. A group of citizens organizes a peaceful protest and is arrested without being informed of the charges for 48 hours.
When they challenge the law and their arrest in court, the city argues that the restriction is necessary to maintain order and that proper procedures were eventually followed.
Question:
Do the citizens have a valid due process claim? If so, is it a violation of procedural due process, substantive due process, both, or neither?
BOTH: Violation of both Procedural and Substantive Due Process.
Substantive - it restricts a fundamental right (1st amendment)
Procedural - arrested without being informed of charges
Bonus Exc: 1pt for the whole class if this group gets the correct answer...
An Idaho law automatically preferred men over women when appointing estate administrators. A woman challenges that the law violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment, and the court will rule in her favor. What was the name for this case?
Reed v Reed (1971)
This is the largest country in the world without a permanent natural river:
Saudi Arabia