Brain Functions & Communication
What are the two parts of the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord.
How many cranial nerves are there?
There are 12 pairs cranial nerves.
What is the frontal lobe?
The frontal lobe is responsible for voluntary movement and speech production
What is a reflex arc?
an automatic response pathway that occurs involuntarily.
What are the 3 main parts of a neuron?
Dendrites, soma, and axon
What is the central nervous system?
The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord. It is the body's command center, it process information and directs body behavior.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and balance?
The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
The parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information
In a reflex arc, which type of neuron carries sensory information to the spinal cord or brainstem?
The sensory neuron (afferent neuron)
What are neurons?
These cells are the basic functional units of the nervous system that transmit electrical and chemical signals.
What does the cerebellum do?
The cerebellum is in charge of balance and coordination.
What is the cranial nerve that controls vision?
The optic nerve
Which lobe is most associated with hearing and auditory processing?
The temporal lobe
In a simple reflex arc, what is the correct order of the pathway from start to finish?
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron (afferent) → interneuron → motor neuron (efferent) → effector organ.
What is the small gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released?
The synaptic cleft
What brain structure contains nuclei and fiber tracts that are critical for speaking, swallowing, and hearing?
The brainstem
What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
This nerve is responsible for all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. It is essential for swallowing, articulation, and manipulation of bolus in the mouth.
What lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information and is located at the back of the brain.
Occipital lobe
What is the effector organ?
The effector organ is the muscle or gland that receives the signal and produces a response.
What are dendrites?
This part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons.
What structure acts as the major relay for sensory information going to the cerebral cortex, except for smell?
The thalamus
Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?
The facial nerve (CN VII)
Where is the frontal lobe located and what is its function?
The frontal lobe is located behind the forehead and its function is to make decision and solve problems.
List all the parts of a reflex arc
Receptor, sensory neuron, integration, motor neuron, and effector.
What is the differences between efferent and afferent tracts
Efferent tracts means the motor commands are being carried from the brain to the body. Afferent tract means the sensory signals are being carried from body to the brain for processing.