Cell Communication
What are the 3 stages of cellular signaling in order?
Signal reception, Signal transduction, Cellular response
For a cell with 2n=16, is the cell haploid or diploid? How many pairs of chromosomes does it have?
Diploid, 8 pairs of chromosomes
During telophase in animal cells, a _____ develops between 2 daughter cells
Cleavage furrow
When does crossing over occurs?
Prophase I
A cell undergoes meiosis have _____ cell divisions
2
Ca2+ can act as a second messenger in G protein coupled receptor signaling. Which organelle does Ca2+ come from?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
During the _____ checkpoint, the cell checks for whether microtubules are attached to chromosomes
M
This is a phase in mitosis when chromosomes condense
Prophase
What cell types undergo meiosis but not mitosis for cell division?
Gametes
How many chromosomes does a human egg have?
What enzyme activates other proteins by adding a phosphate group to them
Protein kinase
For a somatic cell, after the M phase of the cell cycle, the daughter cells have same or half the amount of chromosomes comparing with the parent cell
Same
This is a phase in mitosis when chromosomes align along an imaginary plate in the center of the cell
Metaphase
Name 1 reason why genetic variation occurs during sexual reproduction
Crossing over / independent assortment of chromosomes / random fertilization
True or False. DNA replication occurs right before both meiosis I and meiosis II
False. DNA replication occurs right before meiosis I but not right before meiosis II
Which type of signaling involves with releasing a hormone that travels long distances through the circulatory system?
Endocrine signaling
Cells are showing _____ when they do not divide because they are not attached to a substratum
A cell undergoes 3 rounds of mitosis. How many cells do we have now?
8
During which stage(s) of cell division do sister chromatids separate from each other?
Anaphase in mitosis and Anaphase II in meiosis II
True of False: In a pair of homologous chromosomes, both chromosomes come from the mom or from the dad
False. In a pair of homologous chromosomes, one chromosome comes from the mom and the other chromosome comes from the dad
This is a class of plasma membrane receptor that allows multiple signals at the same time
Receptor tyrosine kinase
Cells are showing _____ when they do not divide due to limitations of space and nutrients
Density-dependent inhibition
If a cell at metaphase in mitosis has 8 sister chromatids, how many chromosomes will be present in a G1 cell?
4
For a diploid cell with 2n=20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its mature sperm has?
During which stage of meiosis II do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?
None, homologous chromosomes only separate from each other during anaphase I in meiosis I