Technological
Innovations
Innovations
the navigation tool that used stars to find location at sea
astrolabe
exchange moved crops, animals, and diseases between hemispheres
columbian exchange
the first country to build a sea-based trading empire
portugal
african queen resisted portuguese control
Queen Nzinga
this system ranked people based on race in latin america
casta system
the tool that helped sailors determine direction using earth’s magnetic field
compass
the biggest cause of native american population decline
diseases
this empire used colonies in the americas for silver and resources
spain
this rebellion was led by native americans against english settlers
metacom’s war
people born in spain were called
peninsulares
allowed ships to travel against the wind
lateen sail
name one crop that increased population in the old world
potato / maize / manioc
these companies allowed investors to fund overseas trade
joint-stock companies
russian revolt that involved peasants and cossacks
pugachev rebellion
people of mixed european and indigenous ancestry were
mestizos
caravel
explain one environmental effect of the columbian exchange
new crops/animals changed ecosystems and farming
explain one way maritime empires gained wealth
controlled trade routes, colonies, and resources
whats one reason people resisted state power
taxes, forced labor, loss of land, religious control
how did slavery affected social hierarchies
placed africans at the bottom, created rigid inequality
explain how new maritime technology contributed to european global dominance
allowed longer voyages, opened sea routes, gave europeans trade/ military advantages
how the columbian exchange reshaped global populations
population decline in americas, growth in europe/africa due to new crops
whats the difference between maritime empires and land-based empires
maritime = trade/sea control, land-based = territory/land armies
why did most rebellions fail
states had stronger armies, better weapons, and organization
compare social hierarchies in europe and the americas
europe = was based on class or land, americas = was based on race or ethnicity