Mouth/Pharynx/Esophagus
What is the site of swallowing?
Pharynx
Enzyme in the stomach that functions optimally at pH 2-3?
Pepsin (HCL activates pepsinogen)
What is the 2nd and 3rd region of the small intestine called?
jejunum; ileum
What is the pancreatic secretion that breaks down carbohydrates in the duodenum?
Pancreatic amylase
What is emulsification?
Breaking down fat globules into fat droplets
What is the uvula?
The structure that hands down in the back of your throat (end of the soft palate).
2 structures/organs that produce enzymes to digest polypeptides.
Stomach (pepsin) and pancreas (trypsin)
What does GIP do?
Decreases gastric juice production and stomach peristalsis.
What is the molecule stored in the liver and broken down when the body needs energy?
Glycogen
What is the colon responsible for?
Absorbing water, electrolytes, and some nutrients. Also forms stool.
What substrate does salivary amylase act upon?
Starch/carbohydrate
After food leaves the mouth, it becomes ______, which them turns into ______________, a semi-liquid food mass, once it leaves the stomach.
bolus; acid chyme
What are the blood vessels and lymph vessel in villus called?
Capillaries; lacteal
What enzyme produces the building blocks of protein and what organ secretes it?
Peptidase; pancreas
What happens if you consume too little water or not enough dietary fibre? What is the treatement?
Constipation-Your feces become dry and hard to expel. Decreased peristalsis.
Laxatives
What are the names of the 3 sets of salivary glands?
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
Emptying the acid chyme is controlled by the _____________, which connects to the ____________.
pyloric sphincter; duodenum
Which nutrients are absorbed directly into the capillaries of the small intestine?
Glucose/sugar and amino acids
What is the blood vessel that carries the nutrient rich blood from the small intestine to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
What causes gall stones? And what is the treatment?
Cholesterol and CaCO3 forms crystals to block bile flow.
Remove gall bladder.
Ring of involuntary muscle located at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach (valve)
Cardiac Sphincter
If the mucus layer of your stomach is broken, what will occur?
Stomach ulcer due to HCl eating at the stomach wall.
What 3 enzymes do the interstitial glands secrete, and what substrates and products do they make?
Peptidases -> peptides to amino acids
Maltase -> maltose to glucose
Nucleosidases -> nucleotides to sugar, base, phosphate
What is the hormone that accounts for the constant blood glucose level in a person who has not eaten a meal for a long period of time?
Glucagon
What happens if you drink too much alcohol? What is the treatment?
Cirrhosis-toxins from alcohol make liver fill up with fat deposits and scar tissue.
Liver transplantation.