Category 1
Who is known as the modern father of toxicology?
A. Paracelsus B. Avicenna
C. Mathieu Orfila D. Hippocrates
E. Carl Scheele
C. Mathieu Orfila - Orfila systematized toxicology with scientific methods and forensic applications.
The term "toxicant" specifically refers to:
A. All poisons
B. Man-made harmful substances
C. Natural poisons
D. Biological toxins
E. Venoms
B. Man-made harmful substances
Toxicants are synthetic or anthropogenic toxic substances.
Which of the following is a natural poison?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Pesticides
C. Snake venom
D. Mercury
E. Benzene
C. Snake venom
Snake venom is a biologically produced toxin.
Which organization is responsible for protecting public health from environmental risks in the U.S.?
A. FDA
B. WHO
C. DOH
D. EPA
E. OSHA
D.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates environmental hazards.
What is the therapeutic range for lithium in mEq/L?
A. 1.0 – 2.0
B. 0.2 – 0.5
C. 0.6 – 1.2
D. 2.5 – 3.5
E. 1.5 – 2.5
C.
This is the established safe and effective serum range.
What is the half-life of lead in the body?
A. 2 days
B. 2 hours
C. 12 hours
D. 2 months
E. 1 year
D.
Lead accumulates slowly and is eliminated slowly from the body.
In toxicology, which of the following describes the interaction between a toxicant and cellular targets?
A. Toxicokinetics
B. Toxicodynamics
C. Pharmacokinetics
D. Hemodynamics
E. Kinetophysiology
B.
Toxicodynamics studies the effect of toxicants on biological systems.
Which unit is commonly used to express LD50 values?
a) Milliliters per kilogram
b) Milligrams per kilogram
c) Moles per liter
d) Minutes per exposure
b) Milligrams per kilogram
Which organization sets guidelines for MSDS format in the United States?
a) WHO
b) OSHA
c) FDA
d) EPA
b) OSHA
Which value indicates the concentration of a substance that causes death in 50% of test organisms?
a) EC50
b) TD50
c) LC50
d) IC50
c) LC50
Lethal Concentration 50
What does GHS stand for in safety data sheets?
a) Global Health System
b) Globally Harmonized System
c) General Health Standards
d) Global Hazard Summary
b) Globally Harmonized System
Which antidote is used for iron overdose?
A. EDTA
B. BAL
C. Deferoxamine
D. Penicillamine
C. Deferoxamine
In cyanide poisoning, which antidote works by forming methemoglobin?
A. Sodium thiosulfate
B. Amyl nitrite
C. Hydroxocobalamin
D. Activated charcoal
B. Amyl nitrite
Which toxicology screening method provides the most rapid results?
A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
B. Immunoassay
C. High-performance liquid chromatography
D. Atomic absorption spectroscopy
B. Immunoassay
What is the primary antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
A. Atropine
B. Pralidoxime
C. Physostigmine
D. Flumazenil
A. Atropine