Laxatives
Indications/uses for osmotic laxatives
Constipation & pre-procedural evacuation of colon
Name of the medication given to our CBL patient
budesonide
Indications for opioid agonists
Diarrhea
TNF-a
Specific indication for bile acid binders
bile acid diarrhea
Laxative class with this MOA:
Penetrates feces for easier passage & prevents water reabsorption
Lubricant laxatives
Indications for corticosteroids
autoimmunity
graft rejection
inflammation
hypersensitivity reactions
Location of opioid receptors targeted by opioid agonists
Myenteric plexus
Commercial name for adalumimab
Humira
AEs for bile acid binders
bloating, constipation
MOA for bulk-forming laxatives
Hydrophilic colloids form gels in colon --> distends intestine --> stimulates peristalsis
AEs for corticosteroids
Cushing syndrome
Adrenal suppression
Name of receptor targeted by opioid derivatives
Mu-opioid receptor
Contraindications for adalimumab
latent TB, heart failure
Category of laxatives that can also be used to treat diarrhea
Bulk-forming
4 contraindications for all laxatives
GI obstruction/perforation
Gastric retention
Undiagnosed abdominal pain/vomiting
Toxic colitis, ileus, megacolon
Transcription factor blocked by corticosteroids and primary cytokine inhibited
NF-kB --> blocks IL-2
Contraindication for opioid agonists
Infectious diarrhea - e. coli, salmonella, shigella
Immune cells suppressed by anti-TNF-a biologics
T cells and macrophages
black tongue and stools
Salicylate toxicity
Adverse effects for osmotic laxatives
High volume of liquid stool
Electrolyte abnormalities
Acute phosphate nephropathy
MOA for azathioprine
inhibits de novo purine and DNA synthesis to prevent T cell proliferation
AEs for alvimopan (opioid antagonist)
dyspepsia
hypokalemia
urinary retention
Transcription factor blocked by risankizumab (Skyrizi)
IL-23 p19
Category of patients contraindicated for bismuth subsalicylate
Children <16 (Reye's syndrome)