Women
She wrote the A Vindication of the Rights of Women
Mary Wollstonecraft
Scientific Empiricism
Knowledge derived from observation, experimentation, and logic (Francis Bacon, René Descartes).
What is the agricultural revolution definition?
a revolution in which new farming techniques to increase yield, made farming more efficient
Who was that Swedish King is the 30 years war
King Gustavus Adolphus
What was the first stock market bubble crash?
The dutch roses
She was apart of the Reconquista with Ferdinand II
Isabella I of Castile
Marxism
Focused on class struggle, historical materialism, and revolution (Karl Marx).
Which countries led the agricultural Revolution + why?
The Low Countries
Able to drain the land for farming
Cornelius Vermuyden
War of the Three Henrys
Henry of Navarre wins
First King of France
Hugh Capet
The only female ruler of the Habsburg Empire, defending her throne in the War of the Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa
Existentialism
What helped catalzye the Industrial Revolution?
Steam Engine + Railroads
Four stages of thirty years war
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French
What are three politiques we went over
Elizabeth I
William of Orange
The only female enlightened despot ruler
Catherine the Great
Classical Liberalism
Advocated for individual rights, limited government, and free-market capitalism (John Locke, Adam Smith).
Factory Act (1833) Importance for working families and children? What did this symbolize?
Limited workday in factories for children. Symbolizes the changing patterns, more child and family safety.
What granted French Protestants rights to worship their religion
Edict of Nantes
Who was the Duke of Sully
Advisor of Henry IV. Helped stabilize France after the French Wars of Religion by improving tax collection and improving infrastructure.
The Cult of Domesticity
For the growing middle class, a housewife became a status symbol. It signaled that a husband earned enough to support the family alone.
Mercantilism
Close government control of the economy used to maximize exports & accumulate as many precious metals as possible
What new material allowed the 2nd Industrial Revolution to explode, allowing more dependency on electrical, and architectural innovations?
Steel
What basically ended the Thirty Years War? What did it do?
Peace of Westphalia
Renewed Peace of Augsburg (but adds Calvinism as an accepted faith) → N. remains Protestant, S. remains Catholic
Recognized sovereign, independent of authority of 300+ German states → reduced centralized authority of HR Emp.
NED and SWI gain independence from SPA rule
FRA, SWE, Brandenburg (future Prussia/PRS) receive various territories, gain international prominence
FRA gets Alsace-Lorraine
Who were the important advisors to Louis XIV? What did they do
Cardinal Mazarin + Jean Baptiste Colbert
Economic advise