Analyze the example
mmmmmmmaybe we can go to the park later?
prolongation
A speaker pauses silently in the middle of a word and appears stuck.
What is stuttering?
(specifically a block)
This is the uninterrupted flow of speech where rhythm, rate, and physical ease align.
What is fluency?
Fluency disorders are more common in this group.
Who are males?
Fluency disorders only affect speech rate.
What is false?
D-D-Did anyone see m-my purple b-b-backpack?
repetition
A speaker blinks repeatedly and nods their head while trying to get a word out.
What are secondary behaviors?
This occurs when the rhythmic flow of speech is disrupted by interruptions and tension.
What is a fluency disorder?
Children who begin stuttering before this age are more likely to outgrow it.
What is 3½ years old?
Blocks are silent pauses where no sound comes out.
What is TRUE?
They often involve tension and inability to initiate sound.
“mmmmmaybe” demonstrates this speech behavior.
What is a prolongation?
A speaker shows both rapid, disorganized speech AND moments of tension with blocks.
What is mixed fluency?
This term refers to disruptions like repetitions, prolongations, and blocks.
What is stuttering?
Delays in speech or language fall under this category.
What are developmental factors?
Cluttering always results in perfectly clear speech.
What is FALSE?
Cluttering often reduces intelligibility due to rate and disorganization.
“I am so (pause) tired” shows this type of disruption.
What is a block?
A speaker leaves out syllables and blends words together due to fast rate.
What is cluttering?
This disorder involves rapid, irregular speech and disorganized phrasing.
What is cluttering?
Brain injuries, ADHD, or autism fall under this type of cause.
What are neurological factors?
Secondary behaviors develop as a reaction to speech difficulty.
What is TRUE?
They are learned responses to manage or escape disfluency.
“probably” becoming “proly” is an example of this
What is omission?
A speaker repeats sounds, avoids words, and uses eye blinking during speech.
What is mixed fluency?
(stuttering + secondary behaviors)
This is a combination of both stuttering and cluttering.
What is mixed fluency?
Having family members with speech disorders is this type of factor.
What is a genetic factor?
People who clutter are always aware of their speech difficulties.
What is FALSE?
Many individuals with cluttering have reduced awareness.