Nature of Science
Completing multiple trials in an experiment.
repetition
Imperial shrimp attach themselves to sea cucumbers for transportation. The interaction saves energy and improves food availability for the shrimp. The sea cucumber is not affected by the interaction.
commensalism
Caleb builds a birdhouse. When he hits a nail with a hammer, the energy of the moving hammer transfers to the nail. Which energy conversion occurs at the point that the hammer hits the nail?
kinetic energy to sound energy
Which layer consists of Earth's crust and upper mantle divided into tectonic plates?
Lithosphere
Convection currents inside Earth occur within which layer?
MANTLE
The variable that you change in an experiment.
independent variable
A desert is an ecosystem that has relatively high temperatures and low amount of rainfall. What is a nonliving (abiotic) factor that can limit the size of the population of a desert?
water
Which energy conversion occurs in a gasoline-powered automobile engine?
chemical to mechanical
List the layers of Earth in order of temperature from lowest temperature to highest temperature
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Plates that collide
convergent
A condition that remains the same in an experiment.
control
Two species of organisms living in the same area interact in a way that is harmful for both species. Which type of relationship exists between the two species?
competition
Older light bulbs are only about 10% efficient. This means that only 10% of the electrical energy is transformed into light, while the rest is transformed into heat. Newer LED light bulbs are about 90% efficient, transforming much more of the electrical energy into light and much less into heat.
What does this comparison show about energy?
A. Newer bulbs create more energy than older bulbs.
B. Energy is destroyed in older bulbs but conserved in newer bulbs.
C. Older bulbs stop energy from being changed into any useful form.
D. In both types of bulbs, energy is not lost, it is transformed into different forms.
D
Within which Earth layer is there convention that causes the movement of tectonic plates and supplies magma for volcanic eruptions?
mantle
Plates boundary that causes earthquakes?
Transform
A smaller version of a big thing or a bigger version of a small thing.
model
What components in a food web is absolutely essential to the functioning of the ecosystem represented by a food web?
producers and decomposers
Grey heated a cup of cocoa in the microwave. When she removed it from the microwave, the cocoa was too hot to drink, so she left it on the counter. Grey forgot about the cocoa for two hours. When she remembered it, she found that the cocoa was at the same temperature as the room. How did the cocoa become room temperature?
A. The cup became hotter and heated the cocoa again.
B. Coldness from the air flowed into the cocoa until it cooled down.
C. The cooler air in the room transferred its temperature to the cocoa.
D. Heat moved from the cocoa into the cooler air and cup until all were the same temperature.
D
Scientific theories are developed over time in all areas of science. What is a thoery?
They are explanations of scientific events that may change based on continuous research.
Plates that move away from each other.
divergent
The steps used to complete an investigation.
Scientific method
What is an environmental factor that prevents the size of a population from increasing?
limiting factor
What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It changes form.
What is a scientific law?
Describes a natural phenomenon that always occurs under specific conditions.
Mountains