Research Vocab
An operationalised variable is one that is
measurable
Studying participants over a long period, usually in intervals.
Longitudinal
A bias that occurs when participants give socially acceptable answers
Social Desirability Bias
What type of data did Fagen collect?
Quantitative and Qualitative data
How do researchers ensure the validity of results in studies on monkey toy preferences?
By conducting controlled experiments, using randomization, minimizing bias, and analyzing data statistically.
Using the same procedure for all participants is
standardisation
Studying different age groups of participants at one point in time
A cross-sectional study
an experimental design in which participants are arranged into pairs. Each pair is similar in ways that areimportant to the study and one member of each pair performs in a each level of the IV.
Matched pairs Design
Which is a strength of animal research?
since they are similar to humans it provides valuable insights and they may be more readily available.
In Dement and Kleitman what Variables were controlled?
Levels of caffeine and alcohol, the doorbell sound, the EEG monitoring
where 2 or more observers record behaviours in a consistent way
inter-rater reliability
Selecting participants based on their availability
Opportunity Sample
a measure of whether something stays the same or is consistent each time the experiment is carried out using the same design, procedures and measurements.
Reliability
What type of study was Saavedra and Silverman button phobia?
Case Study
In Holzel How does the using of the Questionnaire effect the validity of the study?
participants may have given socially desirable answers, therefore lowering the validity of the experiment. Also, the FFMQ may have not had a choice that truly reflects the participants true opinion.
What does random allocation help to reduce in research?
Confounding variables
Participants choosing to participate in the study
Volunteer Sampling
a research method using verbal questions asked directly, face to face or on the telephone
Questionnaire
In Pozzulo Line ups study In the line-up tasks, the position of the target or matching foil was __________, to avoid order effects.
counterbalanced
In Perry et al. (personal space), which of the following helped researchers control for researcher bias?
Double-blind technique
Type of design that has different groups of participants for each level of the independent variable
Independent measures
In a repeated measures design, each participant performs in
All levels of the independent variable
a personal viewpoint, which may be biased by one's feelings, beliefsor experiences, so may differ between individual researchers. It is not independent of the situation
Subjectivity
What was the independent variable in the Andrade study?
Given paper with shapes to shade or lined paper
Why was positive reinforcement used in Fagen elephant study?
To encourage desired behaviors through rewards.