Brain & Behavior
This brain structure is critical for forming new memories.
What is the hippocampus?
This stage of sleep is also known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep. It is the most restorative phase of the sleep cycle. It is also dominated by delta waves.
What is Stage 3 sleep?
Observable traits are referred to as this, while genetic makeup is called genotype.
What is phenotype?
This type of learning uses rewards and punishments to shape behavior.
What is operant conditioning?
This variable is manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
This lobe is responsible for decision-making, planning, and impulse control.
What is the frontal lobe?
These retinal cells are responsible for color vision.
What are cones?
This theory suggests we are motivated to reduce physical discomfort and maintain balance.
What is drive-reduction theory?
This type of reinforcer satisfies a biological need.
What is a primary reinforcer?
A relationship where two variables increase together is called this.
What is a positive correlation?
This structure regulates hunger, thirst, and body temperature.
What is the hypothalamus?
These retinal cells help you see in low light.
What are rods?
According to attachment research, a securely attached child will typically respond this way when a parent leaves.
What is becoming upset but easily soothed upon return?
This cognitive shortcut involves judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
This field applies psychology to legal and criminal justice issues.
What is forensic psychology?
This brain structure acts as a sensory relay station.
What is the thalamus?
Alcohol is classified as this type of drug because it slows neural activity.
What is a central nervous system depressant?
This concept refers to the body maintaining a stable internal state.
What is homeostasis?
At this stage of cognitive development, individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and use systematic problem-solving.
What is the formal operational stage?
This concept, proposed by Bandura, describes how behavior, cognition, and environment interact.
What is reciprocal determinism?
This cortex, located in the parietal lobe, processes touch and body position.
What is the somatosensory cortex?
A stroke damages the back of a patient’s brain, causing them to lose the ability to consciously interpret visual information, even though their eyes still function normally. This damage is most likely to which brain region?
What is the occipital lobe (specifically the primary visual cortex)?
In language development, this argument suggests children are born with innate language abilities due to limited environmental input.
What is the poverty of stimulus argument?
This effect occurs when external rewards decrease a person’s intrinsic motivation for an activity they originally enjoyed.
What is the overjustification effect?
A parent removes a child’s phone privileges to decrease misbehavior. This is which type of operant conditioning?
What is negative punishment?