The Renaissance Period
Age of Exploration
The Protestant Reformation
Catholic and Counter Reformations
The French Wars of Religion
100
The Medici family gained power primarily through this economic activity.
What is banking?
100
This phrase summarizes the main motives behind exploration.
What is God, gold, and glory.
100
In 1517, this German monk sparked the Reformation by posting his Ninety‑Five Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
100
This Catholic Church meeting (1545–1563) clarified doctrine and reformed abuses in response to Protestantism.
What is the Council of Trent?
100
During the Wars of Religion, French Calvinists were known by this name.
Who were the Huguenots?
200
This Renaissance concept emphasized the study of classical texts and the potential of human beings.
What is humanism?
200
This widespread transfer of crops, people, animals, and diseases fundamentally reshaped both hemispheres after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
200
Luther’s ideas spread rapidly in part because of this Renaissance‑era technology.
What is the printing press?
200
This practice, criticized by Protestants, was reaffirmed by the Catholic Church as valid during the Counter‑Reformation.
What are indulgences?
200
This queen mother exerted major influence by attempting to balance Catholic and Protestant factions.
Who is Catherine de’ Medici?
300
This political treatise by Niccolò Machiavelli argued that rulers should prioritize power and stability.
What is The Prince?*
300
This 1494 agreement, approved by the Pope, settled disputes between Spain and Portugal over newly claimed lands.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
300
These are the only two sacraments that Luther believed should be practiced as they actually appear in the Bible.
What are baptism and confession?
300
This tool of the Catholic Reformation censored books considered dangerous to Church teachings.
What is the Index of Forbidden Books?
300
This violent 1572 event (pictured below) saw the massacre of thousands of Huguenots in Paris and beyond.
What is the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
400
This artist created the painting above.
Who is van Eyck?
400
European exploration helped accelerate this economic system characterized by favorable balance of overseas trade, bullion accumulation, and state regulation.
What is mercantilism?
400
This Reformer in Geneva promoted predestination and created a theocratic government.
Who is John Calvin?
400
This Catholic court sought to maintain religious unity and combat heresy, especially in Spain.
What is the Spanish Inquisition?
400
This 1598 decree granted limited religious toleration to Huguenots while maintaining Catholicism as France’s official religion.
What is the Edict of Nantes?
500
The Renaissance architect designed and created the Duomo, a large, domed cathedral that dominates the skyline of Florence.
Who is Fillipo Brunelleschi?
500
This navigational tool allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the sun or stars.
What is the astrolabe?
500
This 1521 imperial meeting declared Luther an outlaw but failed to stop the spread of his ideas.
What is the Diet of Worms?
500
This agreement in 1648 ended the Thirty Years’ War and marked the rise of state sovereignty.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
500
TWO PARTS: This Protestant leader became king of France, converted to Catholicism, and, to secure his throne, used this five-word phrase to justify his conversion.
MUST ANSWER BOTH TO GET POINTS
Who is Henry IV? What is, "Paris is worth a mass?"