Period 5 (1844-1877)
Build Up to Civil War
Build Up to Civil War
The belief in Manifest Destiny helped justify events like the annexation of Texas in 1845 and THIS WAR in 1848.
Mexican-American War
In response to the Election of 1860, this state was the first to secede from the Union.
South Carolina
Mark Twain used this term to describe a period of rapid economic growth that masked deep social and economic inequality.
Gilded Age
Violent clashes between workers and management at a steel plant near Pittsburgh, PA in 1892 highlighted tensions between labor and industry during this strike.
Homestead Strike
Despite the Supreme Court’s ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) affirming tribal sovereignty, federal policy under Jackson ultimately led to this event.
Trail of Tears (1838)
Debates over whether slavery would expand into territories gained from Mexico were intensified by this proposal, which sought to ban slavery in those lands but failed to pass.
Wilmot Proviso
The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on this federal installation in South Carolina in April 1861.
Fort Sumter
Business leaders like Carnegie and Rockefeller used strategies such as horizontal and vertical integration to build these types of businesses.
Monopolies (or Trusts)
Unlike the Knights of Labor, this organization focused on skilled workers and sought to improve wages and conditions through negotiation with employers.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
The Dawes Act and the Carlisle Indian School were both efforts by the U.S. government to promote this broader policy toward Native Americans.
Assimilation
This conflict between pro- and anti-slavery settlers in the Kansas Territory highlighted the failure of popular sovereignty.
Bleeding Kansas
Lincoln justified this 1863 decree as a military necessity, though it only applied to areas outside Union control.
Emancipation Proclamation
This late 19th-century innovation made steel production faster and cheaper, fueling the growth of railroads and urban construction.
Bessemer Process
In the late 19th century, the United States saw increasing numbers of immigrants arriving from these regions of Europe, marking a shift from earlier migration patterns.
Southern and Eastern Europe
The U.S. response to Native resistance at the Battle of Little Bighorn and fears surrounding the Ghost Dance movement contributed to this tragic event in 1890.
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
This Supreme Court decision ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and that Congress could not restrict slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
This 1863 speech reframed the Civil War as a struggle not only to preserve the Union but to promote equality and a “new birth of freedom.”
Gettysburg Address
Used to justify laissez-faire policies, this idea suggested that government should not interfere in the economy because competition would naturally determine success.
Social Darwinism
Overcrowded and poorly maintained apartment buildings in rapidly growing cities during the Gilded Age were known as these.
Tenements
The destruction of the buffalo population and the loss of Native lands in the late 19th century were both accelerated by the expansion of this form of transportation.
Railroads
This abolitionist led the 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, becoming a martyr in the North and a symbol of fear in the South.
John Brown
Following the Civil War, these constitutional amendments aimed to abolish slavery, grant citizenship, and protect voting rights.
13th, 14th, 15th
Andrew Carnegie justified extreme wealth inequality by promoting this belief that the rich should act as stewards of their wealth for the public good.
Gospel of Wealth
This New York City political organization, associated with Boss Tweed, became a symbol of corruption and patronage during the Gilded Age.
Tammany Hall
This late 19th-century religious movement among Native Americans promised the restoration of their lands and the disappearance of white settlers.
Ghost Dance