The Internet & Protocols
This is a system of linked hypertext documents and applications, often confused with the Internet itself.
What is the World Wide Web?
The process of finding the best path for a packet to travel across a network.
What is Routing?
This type of computing involves a single computer using multiple processors to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
What is Parallel Computing?
A security method where the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt data.
What is Symmetric Encryption?
The maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time over a network connection.
What is Bandwidth?
This hierarchical system translates human-friendly domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
This term describes the Internet's ability to continue functioning even if specific nodes or connections fail.
What is Fault Tolerance?
This type of computing uses multiple separate computers (often across a network) to solve a single large problem.
What is Distributed Computing?
This method uses a public key to encrypt data and a private key to decrypt it.
What is Asymmetric (Public Key) Encryption?
The time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.
What is Latency?
This protocol is responsible for breaking data into packets and ensuring they are delivered reliably and in the correct order.
What is TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)?
The inclusion of extra components or paths so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail.
What is Redundancy?
This is calculated by comparing the time it takes to complete a task sequentially versus the time it takes to do it in parallel.
What is Speedup?
A software or hardware "wall" that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic.
What is a Firewall?
Small chunks of data that are transmitted across a network, containing both the message and the metadata (address).
What are Packets?
This is the primary protocol used to send and receive web pages (HTML files) over the internet.
What is HTTP/HTTPS?
This device sits between networks and makes decisions on where to send packets based on their destination IP address.
What is a Router?
This part of a program cannot be parallelized and ultimately limits the maximum speedup possible.
What is the Sequential Portion?
This is a cyberattack that attempts to make a machine or network resource unavailable to users by flooding it with traffic.
What is a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack?
A common local area network technology that uses cables to connect devices in a small geographic area.
What is Ethernet?
These are the two current versions of IP addresses; one uses 32 bits, while the other uses 128 bits to allow for more devices.
What are IPv4 and IPv6?
A specific type of fault tolerance where the system can still operate, but perhaps at a reduced level of performance.
What is Graceful Degradation?
In parallel computing, this is the limit where adding more processors no longer significantly improves performance.
What is Amdahl's Law (or Diminishing Returns)?
This security measure requires a user to provide two different factors to verify themselves (e.g., password + text code).
What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?
This architecture describes how most web interactions work, where one computer requests a resource and another provides it.
What is the Client-Server Model?