Pathogens
What do we call a microorganism that can cause disease?
a pathogen
Which immune system line of defense includes the specific immune response which involves T and B cells?
the third line of defense
What is the job of the immune system?
To protect the body against infection and harmful foreign substances
What it is called When a person's own immune system produces antibodies to a pathogen?
active immunity
Which scientist was the medical researcher and virologist who founded the first polio vaccine?
Jonas Sulk
What are the four main types of pathogens?
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists
Which immune system line of defense includes skin, breathing passages, and the stomach?
the first line of defense
What type of substance causes an allergic reaction?
Allergen
What it is called when a person receives antibodies from a source other than their own body?
passive immunity
Which type of pathogens include yeast and mold?
fungi
Which type of pathogens cannot reproduce on their own and replicate only inside living cells?
Viruses
Which immune system line of defense causes symptoms like pain, swelling, heat, and redness and fever?
the second line of defense
What is abnormal about an allergic reaction?
The body’s immune system mounts an exaggerated response to a typically harmless substance.
Why are immune system “memory cells” important?
They "remember" pathogens so that they can jump into action more quickly the next time.
Which of the four main types of pathogens are the smallest?
viruses
What is the typical size range of bacteria
from 0.5 to 5 micrometers in length
How do phagocytes aid in the immune response?
they swallow and destroy pathogens using digestive enzymes
Which chemical released during the inflammatory response causes many of the symptoms experienced?
histamine
Which special proteins target specific antigens for destruction?
antibodies
What is the cause of pus building up?
dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue
Why would you create a scale model of pathogens?
To make tiny structures visible to understand their shape and components.
Which cells can differentiate between different types of pathogens and help mount a specific attack?
lymphocytes
How can the immune system differentiate between cells that are self and non-self?
By recognizing antigens on the surface of self-cells.
How do vaccines help the immune system?
They induce an immune response without allowing the person to get sick, creating memory cells to prevent future infections.
What is herd immunity?
it is the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease.