Health Related Fitness
The range of movement at a joint.
Define Reaction Time
The time taken to initiate a response to a given stimulus.
State the component that the Maximum Push-up test tests
Muscular Endurance
Identify one factor which may affect fitness tests
Time of day
Weather conditions
Environment (surface, noise, people)
Different assessor
Athletes emotion, health, hydration
Time of last meal
Medications
Define Components of Fitness
Relate to the requirements of a given sporting activity, and can explain success or failure in sport.
Describe the two parts of Body Composition
Body Fat - Essential fat within organs and stored fat (adipose tissue)
Lean - Muscle, water, and bone (includes bone density)
State 2 components of performance related fitness
Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, Reaction Time, Speed
Describe two limitations of the Multistage Fitness Test (Bleep Test)
Environmental conditions such as surface can affect results
Motivation level can affect scores
Running technique can affect results
Describe two factors that affect fitness tests
Environment - Surface, noise, and people can distract from testing
Medications - Can induce drowsiness which affects performance in testing
Time of Day - Can affect visibility
State two groups of people in which components of performance related fitness can become health related.
The elderly and diseased
List 3 components of Health Related Fitness
Strength
Aerobic Capacity
Body Composition
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Explain Performance related Fitness
Factors based on the neuromuscular system
Determines the success of a person in performnace of a specific skill
Ex. Agility, balance, Coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.
Evaluate the 40 meter sprint as a fitness test
Strengths
Can be conducted by one experimenter
Comparable results to many people
Limitations
Instrument error (stopwatch) can affect results
Running surface can affect results (Grass can be a slowdown)
Distinguish Weather Conditions and Environment in affecting fitness tests.
Weather Conditions
Relate to the external factors during a fitness test.
Ex. The sun affecting visibility during 40m sprint test
Environment
Relate to the setting and surroundings of a fitness test.
Ex. Surface (turf, grass, concrete) affects traction in 40m sprint test.
Explain the relationship between strength and power
Strength - the max force that can be developed in a muscle/group of muscles in a single contraction
Power - Combination of strength and quickness. Strong as possible while as quick as possible
Strength is an important part of power;More strength means more power.
Using a sporting example, distinguish between strength and muscular endurance
Strength
The maximum force that can be developed in a muscle/group of muscles in one contraction
Ex. In running, strength is used in generating force for a powerful push-off
Muscular Endurance
The ability of muscles to continue working at the
desired level of effort for as long as it is needed.
Ex. In running, muscular endurance is needed to continue running long distances at a set pace.
Evaluate the effectiveness of high power in the sport of table tennis.
Strengths
More powerful serves are harder to recieve
Easier to strike ball to the corner of the table
Limitations
Too much power can cause ball to miss the table
With reference to one strength and limitation, explain the ruler drop test.
Description - A meter ruler is dropped by experimentor above a participant's index finger and thumb. The ruler is dropped without warning and participant is meant to catch the ruler as fast as possible.
Component Tested - Reaction Time
Strength - Cheap to administer
Quick to perform
Limitation - Hard to test a large group of people
Environmental factors like noise can impact results
Describe factors that affect the maximum sit-up test
Athlete's emotion - Positive moods can increase motivation to put in more effort into the test.
Environment - Noise or amount of people watching can distract a participant from the test at hand
Medication - NSAIDs like Ibuprofen can cause drowsiness and fatigue which can impact motivation during test
Different Assessor - The assessor can decide whether to count a rep as true if it is in accordance to their idea of good technique.
Using an example in sport, explain why health or performance related fitness differ in importance across different activities.
Health Related Fitness - Physiologically based
Performance Related Fitness - Based on the neuromuscular system
Example: Long Distance Running
Health related fitness would be more important than performance related fitness because components like Aerobic capacity and muscular endurance more strongly contribute to the success of a runner compared to performance components like power. Endurance running is more focused on the ability to run for long periods of time than the act of running.