AMENDMENTS
What is the 1st amendment?
Protects freedom of speech religion press and assembly
What clause allows Congress to pass laws considered necessary to carry out its powers?
Necessary and proper clause
What Senate procedure allows unlimited debate unless stopped by a 60 votes?
The filibuster
What role does the vice president serve in the Senate?
President of the Senate and tie-breaking vote
What is judicial review?
The power of courts to declare laws unconstitutional
What is the 6th amendment?
Guarantees the right to a fair trial lawyer injury
What Supreme Court Case established judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What is reapportionment?
Redistribution of house seats based on population changes
What is the purpose of an electoral college?
To formally elect the president and vice president
What is dissenting opinion in the supreme court?
An opinion written by judges who disagree with the majority decision
What is the 10th amendment?
Reserves powers not given to the federal government to states
What amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states?
The 10th Amendment
What is the difference between express powers and implied powers?
Express Powers are directly listed in the Constitution; implied powers are inferred from them
What constitutional amendment establishes the prohibition of alcohol?
The 18th Amendment
What is a primary election?
An election used to choose a party's candidate
What is the 15th amendment?
Gives citizens the right to vote regardless of race
What landmark Supreme Court Case established that Congress has implied powers under the necessary and proper clause?
McCulloch v. Maryland
What is an executive order?
A directive issued by the President that has the force of law
What is the highest court in the Senate?
The Supreme Court
What are PACs?
Political Action Committees that raise money to influence elections
What is the 22nd amendment?
Limits presidents to two terms
What congressional power allows lawmakers to formally accuse federal officials of misconduct?
Impeachment
What cabinet department is responsible for foreign affairs?
The Department of State
What does precedent mean in the judicial system?
Past court decisions used to guide future rulings
What is gerrymandering?
Manipulating district boundaries for political advantage