Colonization/New Nation
What did the Puritan settlement of the "City Upon a Hill" represent?
Why were indentured servants later replaced with African slaves as the main labor source in the South?
Model of Christian beliefs/commitment to spreading the gospel to the new world.
African slaves were more expensive but over time where more profitable because they could be used for a lifetime.
Montesquieu argued that one branch of government should not have too much power. What was put in the U.S. Constitution to ensure this would not happen?
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances System
What is a tariff?
What is a subsidy?
What political party favored tariffs?
Why?
Tax on imports
Government Payments/Funding
Federalists
Protected American Industry (Supported the North) (Hurt the South)
How was cotton production in the South directly related to industry in the North?
What was the name of the first textile boomtown?
Who did the factory mostly employ?
Northern textiles increased the demand for cotton. Slave labor increased as a result to keep up with the demand.
Lowell Mills Factory System
Women
What does disenfranchised mean?
How were African Americans disenfranchised during Reconstruction?
What was the name of the domestic terrorist group in the South during Reconstruction?
Prevent from voting
Poll taxes and literacy tests
Ku Klux Klan
What were two early examples of self government in the colonies?
Mayflower Compact
New England Town Hall Meetings
Virginia House of Burgesses
What impact did the Enlightenment ideas and the First Great Awakening have on the colonies?
Encouraged people to think for themselves, challenge the traditional monarchy, develop new ideas of self government using natural/inalienable rights.
Enlightenment/Revolutionary Ideas
Describe Natural Rights?
Describe the Social Contract Theory?
What Enlightenment thinking is associated with these?
Rights you are naturally born with. Changed to inalienable rights by Thomas Jefferson.
People vote and empower the government to rule over them.
John Locke
What two social issues did people began to address especially in the North during the Second Great Awakening?
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
What was the Declaration of Sentiments?
Slavery and Women's Rights
2nd Great Awakening/Social Issues
Women's Convention focused on Women's voting rights and abolitionism.
Protest that included re-writing the Declaration of Independence to include all Men and Women.
What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
What was the Freedmen's Bureau?
What was the Bureau most known for?
Divided the south into 5 military districts to protect African Americans. Specifically voting rights.
Government agency trying to help African Americans recover after slavery.
Education and building schools.
Describe the policy of Mercantilism. What trading policy/network drove this policy?
What conflict ended the policy of Salutary Neglect?
Supplying raw materials to benefit the wealth of the mother country (Britain).
Triangular Trade
French and Indian War
What is the concept of Federalism?
What was Richard Nixon's New Federalism?
A division of power between the state and federal governments.
Shifting Great Society programs to the states allowing the states to have additional powers and downsizing the size of the Federal Government.
Federal/States/Federalism
Explain the separation of powers?
What are the three branches of government and what makes up each?
Who was the Enlightenment thinker that is associated with this?
Three coequal branches of government.
Legislative- Congress makes laws, Executive-president, carries out the laws, Judicial-Supreme Court, reviews the laws (judicial review)
Montesquieu
What did the Dred Scott vs. Sanford court case state?
What impact did this have on the issue of slavery.
Slaves were property and not citizens.
The government could not take property away so therefore the government could not determine slave and free states.
Created further division between the North and South.
Dred Scott=slaves property
Why did the Radical Republicans oppose Abraham Lincoln's reconstruction plan?
Who was Andrew Johnson?
What did the Radical Republicans do to Johnson as a result of his stance on Reconstruction policies?
Too easy on the South, allowed the Southerns to return back to power quickly. Wanted to punish the South.
Abraham Lincoln's vice president.
Impeach him. Saved by 1 vote.
Create a chart showing the differences between the Northern and Southern Colonies. Include each of the following in your answer;
Economy
Geography
Government
Society
Motivation for Settlement
North
Economy: Shipbuilding, Lumber, Fishing, Whaling
South Economy: Cash Crops
North Geography: Rocky Soil, Long Coastline, Dense Forests.
South Geography: Fertile Soil, Warm Climate, Long Growing Seasons
North Government: Town Hall Meetings
South Government: Virginia House of Burgesses
North Society: Everything centered around church.
South Society: Hierarchy, wealthy elite at the top.
North: Settlement: Religious Freedom
South: Settlement: Economic Oppurtunity.
What was the New Jersey Plan?
What was the Virginia Plan?
What compromise solved this issue?
How was the issue of slaves solved at the Constitutional Convention?
What was the Articles of Confederation?
What was the Articles main weakness?
Representation based on equality
Representation based on population
3/5's Compromise
First form of government for the new country
No power to the Federal Government/too much power to the states.
Great Compromise/Fixes representation in Congress.
Define Federalism
Define Embargo
Where was this first used? What was it a cause of?
Define Impressment?
Division (SHARED) power between the federal government and the states.
Total Ban
Thomas Jefferson/Embargo Act of 1807/War of 1812
Kidnapping the forced servitude (slavery) of sailors.
What type of economy did the North have prior to and during the Civil War? Powerful Federal Government or States Rights?
What type of economy did the South have prior to and during the Civil War? Powerful Federal Government of States Rights?
Industrial/Factory based economy
Federal Government
Agriculture/Farming based economy
States Rights
North=More Advantages
You must be specific. During the time of Reconstruction and after (until the Civil Rights Movement) how did Southerns' attack each of the Reconstruction amendments?
13/14/15
13th: Sharecropping/Convict Lease System
14th: Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws
15th: Literacy Tests/Poll Taxes
What was the goal of the Albany Plan?
Why wasn't the Albany Plan successful?
What impact did Thomas Payne's Common Sense pamphlet have?
Unite the colonies to provide a common defense against Native American attacks prior to the French and Indian War.
Colonies did not want to give up their individual autonomy.
The cause for independence grew among the colonists.
Albany Plan/Failed
What is the difference between Shay's Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion? Provide as much detail as possible.
Shays Rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation because there was no federal government in place.
Whiskey rebellion showed the strength of the U.S. Constitution because the federal government was able to put down the rebellion.
Shay's Rebellion/Articles Whiskey Rebellion/Constitution
Define Enlightenment
Define Mercantilism
Define Pluralism
What did the first major Supreme Court case of Marbury V. Madison establish?
What was the name of the court that did this?
Period of deep intellectual thought and reason focusing on individual liberties.
Enriching the mother country with raw materials and natural resources.
Many religions and people living together peacefully (diversity)
Judicial Review
Marshall Court
List and describe 3 things associated with Andrew Jackson?
What Supreme Court Case was he involved with?
What political party formed to counter Andrew Jackson?
Worcester V. Georgia
Whigs
Who was declared the winner of the election of 1876?
What political party was he a part of?
How did this lead to the Compromise of 1877?
What did the Compromise do?
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republicans
Election was too close to call due to voter fraud in Southern states. Committee selected Hayes as winner. Democrats finally agreed when the Compromise agreed to end Reconstruction.
The Compromise formally ended the Reconstruction period.
Compromise of 1877=Ends Reconstruction