Organizing Data
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is median ?
observed y - predicted y
What is residual ?
when sampling methods either over or under emphasize some characteristic of the population
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
What is a binomial random variable?
The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.
What is a T test ?
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score (or standardized value)?
Measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is correlation ?
A fake treatment often given to the control group to help prevent the placebo effect
The type of variable where the probability distribution assigns probability as the area under the density curve above a specific interval.
What is a continuous random variable?
The probability of avoiding a type II error. It is when we reject the false null when the alternative is also true.
The square of the standard deviation.
What is the variance?
A variable other than x & y that simultaneously affects both variables and accounts for the correlation between the two
What is lurking variable ?
Attempting to survey the entire population
What is census ?
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
Rejecting null hypothesis when it is true
What is Type I Error ?
A graph used to display the distribution of one quantitative variable using bars.
What is a histogram?
An outlier that greatly affects the slope of the regression line
What is Influential Points ?
The 3 basic principles of experimental design.
What is control, randomize, and replicate?
The condition involving the population size that must be satisfied to use sigma divided by the square root of n as the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
What is 'the population is at least 10 times the sample size'?
The probability of avoiding a type II error. It is when we reject the false null when the alternative is also true.
What is Power ?
This calculator command can be used to find the area under a normal distribution and above an interval.
What is normalcdf?
A point that has a strong effect on the regression line pulling the regression line toward it
What is leverage point ?
A known, measurable variable that is actually included in the study but gets mixed up with your independent variable, making it impossible to tell which one is causing the changes in the dependent variable.
What is cofounding variable ?
Individual outcomes of a random experiment are called
What is simple event ?
np greater than or equal to 10 and n(1-p) greater than or equal 10
what is Central Limit Theorem (or CLT) ?