Matter
This state of matter has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
What is a liquid?
These subatomic particles have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus.
What are electrons?
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods, while these vertical columns group elements with similar chemical properties.
This type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal.
What is an ionic bond?
Unlike intramolecular forces which hold atoms together inside a molecule, intermolecular forces are the attractions between these.
What are molecules?
This type of change alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not transform it into a new substance, like melting ice.
What is a physical change?
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
This highly reactive group of nonmetals in Group 17 includes fluorine, chlorine, and iodine.
What are the halogens?
Except for hydrogen and helium, atoms tend to form bonds in order to surround themselves with eight valence electrons, a concept known by this name.
What is the octet rule?
This is the strongest type of intermolecular force, occurring when hydrogen is directly bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
What is hydrogen bonding?
A mixture that is so evenly mixed that you cannot see the different parts, such as salt water or air.
He is credited with the "Gold Foil Experiment," which proved that the atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively charged nucleus.
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
This periodic trend describes an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond, and it increases as you move up and to the right on the table.
What is electronegativity?
In this specific type of covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally between atoms due to differences in electronegativity, creating partial charges.
What is a polar covalent bond?
These weak intermolecular forces exist between all molecules, polar or nonpolar, and are caused by the temporary movement of electrons creating temporary dipoles.
What are London Dispersion Forces?
This separation technique uses boiling points to separate a liquid mixture into its individual components.
What is distillation?
This atomic model, proposed in 1913, suggests that electrons travel around the nucleus in fixed, circular orbits called energy levels.
What is the Bohr model?
This Russian chemist published the first recognizable periodic table in 1869, arranging elements by increasing atomic mass.
Who was Dimitri Mendeleev?
This 5-letter acronym represents the model used to predict the 3D shapes of molecules based on the idea that electron pairs repel each other.
What is Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion?
This property, defined as a liquid's resistance to flow, increases as the strength of its intermolecular forces increases.
What is viscosity?
The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a pure substance coexist in a stable equilibrium.
This is the total number of neutrons present in a single, neutral atom of Carbon-14.
What is 8?
As you move down a group, atomic radius increases primarily due to this effect, where inner electrons block the nuclear pull on valence electrons.
What is the shielding effect?
This is the specific molecular geometry (shape) of a CO2 molecule, which has two double bonds and zero lone pairs on the central carbon atom.
What is linear?
Water's unusually high boiling point and high surface tension are primarily a result of this specific intermolecular phenomenon.
What is hydrogen bonding?