The Observable Universe
Name the 3 types of galaxies
1. Elliptical, irregular, spiral
Define the 'habitable zone'
Position in any solar system where life could be possible
What is the Geosphere?
Includes all the solid surface of the Earth down to the core.
The lowest layer of the atmosphere where most clouds are formed and most weather happens.
Troposphere
How long does it take the Earth to take one trip around the sun.
365 days
1. Name the galaxy we live in
2. What type of galaxy is it?
1. The Milky Way
2. Spherical
1. Earth's invisible "shield" which protects it from the Sun's high energy particles and space radiation.
2. The spectacular light show in the sky caused by this "shield"
1. Magnetosphere
2. Aurora Borealis
1. What is the Hydrosphere?
2. Ocean water covers about what percentage of the Earth's surface?
1. Includes all of the water in, on, and above the Earth.
2. 70%
1. The second layer of the atmosphere which contains Ozone gases.
2. What is the purpose of this ozone layer?
1. Stratosphere
2. protects the earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun.
1. What causes us to experience day and night?
2. How long does it take the Earth to make one revolution (revolve about its axis once).
1. The rotation of the earth about its axis.
2. 24 hours
1. What is a galaxy?
2. What is the branch of science that studies the observable universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere?
3. This consists of our Sun and the 8 planets.
1. A group of billions of starts, planets, dust, and gas all moving together.
2. Astronomy
3. Solar System
1. Imaginary line that goes through the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole.
2. Force which pulls on things and holds them together
3. The 2 ways the Earth moves.
1. The Earth's axis
2. gravity
3. Rotation about its axis and revolving (orbiting) around the sun.
1. What is the biosphere?
2. What is the name for the sphere that includes all of the gases surrounding the Earth?
3. True or false: Most of the Earth's hydrosphere is saltwater.
1. Includes all the living things on Earth.
2. Atmosphere
3. true
1. Meteors falling to Earth from space burn up in this layer of the atmosphere. This prevents most meteors from causing damage by impacting with the Earth.
2. Layer of atmosphere where auroras happen and where the International Space Station orbits
3. Layer of atmosphere which is the upper limit and which means “the outer sphere”
1. mesosphere
2. Thermosphere
3. Exosphere
What causes the earth to experience seasons.
The tilt of the earth. different parts of the earth are closer and further to the sun at different times of the year.
1. Our universe is ___________________, which means that things are getting more and more distant from
each other over time.
2. The part of our universe that we can see using our eyes and technology.
3. Galaxies shaped like elongated spheres which are brightest at their centers are called _________________
galaxies.
4. True of False: We have the technology to see everything there is to see beyond the edge of the observable universe.
1. Expanding
2. The observable universe
3. elliptical
4. false
1. On which horizon (Eastern or Western) does the sun rise and set?
2. True or False: The northern and southern hemisphere have opposite seasons
3. What is the equator?
4. True or False: Scientists know of no other planet besides Earth where we could survive
1. rises on Eastern, sets on western
2. True
3. imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemisphere
4. True
List the layers of geosphere from the inside of the earth to the outside of the earth. Lower mantle, crust, outer core, inner core, upper mantle.
Inner core, Outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust.
State how the density of the gases in the atmosphere changes as you go higher in the atmosphere. Explain why
It decreases.
The gas particles in the lower layers of the atmosphere are compressed closer together because of the weight of the upper layers of the atmosphere above them. The gas particles in the upper layers of the atmosphere have fewer particles above them exerting pressure to compress them, so they spread further apart.
This layer is made mostly of iron and nickel and is so hot that it remains completely liquid.
What is the outer core?
1. Name the planets in our solar system from closest to the Sun to furthest from the Sun.
2. Galaxies which have arms that spiral out from their bright centers are called?
3. Galaxies with no regular shape are called?
4. What is the speed of light?
1. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
2. Spiral Galaxies
3. Irregular Galaxies
4. 670 000 000 miles per hour
2. What are gas giants and which planets in our solar system are gas giants?
1. Planets with a rocky, solid surface. Mercury Venus Earth Mars
2. Planets which are not solid and which could not grow plants. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
1. Scientists believe that the Earth’s crust is made up of _________ plates, that float on top of the mantle.
2. All of the plates of the Earth's crust were once ONE piece called _________.
3. When plates come together _________ form.
4. We know that there is melted or molten rock underneath the crust because of ______
5.true of false: The earth is perfectly spherical.
1. tectonic
2. Pangea
3. mountains
4. volcanic eruptions (lava coming from inside the Earth).
5. false.
1. In which 2 layers do airplanes fly?
2. Which gases make up the atmosphere ( give approx percentages of top 2)
1. troposphere and stratosphere
2. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, neon, etc. The
This is the thickest layer of the Earth and is made of semi-solid rock that slowly flows.
What is the mantle?