Muscles of Leg + Foot
Gait
Nerves
Blood Vessels + Pelvic Floor
Other
100
What are the muscles in the 3rd layer of the plantar foot?
- Flexor Hallucis Brevis
- Adductor Hallucis
- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
100
What is stride length?
The interval between 2 sequential initial floor contacts from the same limb.
100
Name motor distribution of femoral nerve?
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris
Pectineus
100
Name muscles of levator ani from medial to lateral?
puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
100
What is the function of retinacula?
prevent bowstringing of tendons
200
What are the muscle attachments of Gastrocnemius?
Proximal = posterior parts of femoral condyles, knee joint capsule
Distal = posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
200
What is the movement of upper limb during gait?
Upper limb swings forward with contralateral lower limb.
200
What nerve(s) innervate adductor magnus?
obturator nerve (adductor part)
sciatic nerve (hamstring part)
200
The femoral artery changes from external iliac artery when?
inguinal ligament
200
What is the functions of the plantar aponeurosis/fascia?
- Binds the skin of the foot
- Provides an attachment site for foot muscles
- Helps to maintain foot arches
300
What are the muscle actions of Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus?
TA - ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
EDL - ankle dorsiflexion, extension of toes 2-5 (all joints)
EHL - ankle dorsiflexion, extension of hallux (all joints)
300
During terminal stance, what is the contraction of the hip? (muscle group and type of contraction)
Hip flexors eccentrically contracting
300
Describe the course of the tibial nerve?
Separates from sciatic nerve around popliteal fossa
Passes posteriorly to medial malleolus in tarsal tunnel
Separates into medial and lateral plantar nerve in plantar aspect of foot
300
Muscles of perineum has what nerve innervation?
pudendal nerve with some input from nerve to levator ani
300
Fully classify the sacroiliac joint?
anteriorly = synovial, non-axial, plane
posteriorly = fibrous
400
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abductor hallucis
-abducts 1st digit at MTP joint
-flexes 1st digit at MTP joint
400
During mid stance, what is the action, type of contraction and muscle group at each joint?
Hip - extending, concentric, hip extensors
Knee - extending, concentric, knee extensors
Ankle - dorsiflexing, eccentric, ankle plantarflexors
400
Explain the main components of a spinal segment? (dorsal root, spinal nerve, etc)
spinal cord = carries nerve impulses down toward limbs
dorsal root = carries sensory information
ventral root = carries motor information
spinal nerve = combination of dorsal + ventral roots
dorsal ramus = supplies skin and muscles of back
ventral ramus = supplies limbs + anterolateral trunk
400
Posterior tibial artery branches into which arteries?
fibular, medial plantar and lateral plantar arteries
400
Which muscles control pelvic rotation to the left?
L hip lateral rotators
R hip medial rotators
500
What is the 'action' of quadratus plantae?
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion of all joints of digits 2-5 by changing the direction of pull,
500
Complete the ROM, action, muscle group, type of contraction for the ankle during terminal swing?
0° = plantargrade, dorsiflexing, ankle dorsiflexors, isometric
500
A lesion to the deep peroneal nerve is going to cause?
- functional deformity
- weakness in muscles of anterior leg + dorsal foot
- altered sensation in skin of 1st webbed space
- foot drop during gait (drag toes)
500
The short saphenous vein drains into?
the popliteal vein
500
Name the borders of the pelvic inlet + outlet?
Pelvic inlet - Pubic crest, Pectineal line, Arcuate line, Sacral alar & promontory
Pelvic outlet - Apex of coccyx, Ischial tuberosities, Pubic symphysis (inferior edge)