Sustainable Ecosystems
What is the difference between a biotic and abiotic factor?
Biotic factors are living things, while abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem.
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties?
An Atom
What is the unit used to measure electric current?
Amperes (A)
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
Gravity
Which process releases energy from glucose?
Cellular Respiration.
Name the four spheres that interact to support life on Earth.
Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Geosphere, and Biosphere.
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What are the three methods of charging an object?
Friction, Contact (Conduction), and Induction.
What is the name of the galaxy that contains our solar system?
The Milky Way Galaxy.
Which element has atomic number 8?
Oxygen
What are the reactants needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
Which scientist discovered the nucleus through the gold foil experiment?
Ernest Rutherford
What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?
Static electricity is the buildup of charge in one location, while current electricity is the continuous flow of electrons through a conductor.
What causes day and night on Earth?
Earth's rotation on its axis.
What happens to current in a circuit if resistance increases while voltage remains constant?
Current decreases
Explain how biodiversity contributes to ecosystem sustainability.
Greater biodiversity increases ecosystem stability and resilience because more species can fill ecological roles if changes occur.
Describe the Bohr-Rutherford model of a sodium atom.
11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons arranged 2-8-1.
A circuit has a voltage of 12 V and a resistance of 4 Ω. What is the current?
3 A
Explain why Earth experiences seasons.
Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5°, causing different parts of Earth to receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
A comet and an asteroid are approaching Earth. Which object is primarily made of ice?
A comet
Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to cycle matter and energy in ecosystems.
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water that can be reused in photosynthesis.
Magnesium forms Mg²⁺ ions and chlorine forms Cl⁻ ions. What is the chemical formula of the compound they form?
MgCl₂
Two identical light bulbs are connected in parallel. Explain how brightness would compare to the same bulbs connected in series.
The bulbs in parallel would be brighter because each bulb receives the full source voltage, while bulbs in series share the voltage.
Compare a satellite, probe, and rover.
A community cuts down a large forest to build homes. Explain one ecological consequence and one possible solution.
Consequence: Habitat loss and reduced biodiversity. Solution: Reforestation, habitat restoration, or sustainable land-use planning.