Chapter 1
What is the name of the region pertaining to the heel?
Calcaneus
A substance that dissolves in water that carries an electrical charge
How many net ATP is gained from Glycolysis?
2
How does water travel accross the plasma membrane?
Complete the sequence: Proximal is to Distal as Medial is to
Lateral
Neutralization occurs when either an acid is added to a basic solution/ base is added to an acidic solution. Water and Salt is produced
What is a substance called when it loses electrons?
Oxidized
Which system is responsible for creating new red blood cells?
Skeletal system
Name 1 Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide
Mono- Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
Di- Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
Poly- Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another
What occurs in the G2 phase of interphase?
Centriole replication completed and enzymes needed for cell division created.
Describe the differences between a positive and negative feedback systems with an example
Positive- keeps going until a certain biological event is achieved; Ex: Blood clotting
Negative- Systems work together in order to return to a set point; Ex: shivering or sweating to maintain a certain temperature
Explain the differences between a Saturated and Unsaturated fat
Saturated fat- single bonds, solid at room temperature, packed tightly
Unsaturated fat- double bonds, liquid at room temperature, packed loosely features a bend
Pyruvate is converted into lactate
What enzyme is required for DNA replication? How does it work
DNA polymerase; it reads the template stand and then attaches complmentary nucleotides.
What organ is located in the right illiac region?
Appendix
Describe the function of the 4 types of lipids
Phospholipids- construct cellular membrane (1 glycerol+ polar phosphate group and 2 fatty acids)
Triglycerides- energy storage (1 glycerol+3 fatty acids)
Eicosanoids- Locally acting signaling molecules (20 carbon fatty acids)
Steroids- multiple functions, can be hormones (estrogen), help digestion (bile salts) or be inclusions in plasma membrane (cholesterol); hydrocarbon structure with 4 rings and a R group
Cristae
Describe the steps of transcription
Initiation- DNA Helicase unwinds DNA double helix, RNA polymerase makes rna, binding to promoter region.
Elongation-RNA polymerase moves down DNA template, ribonucleotides are complementarily base paired with deoxyribonucleotides, mRNA lengthened
Termination- RNA polymerase reaches terminal region, Releases both strands.