Genetics & Biotechnology
Homeostasis & Body Systems
Ecology & Human Impact
Cell Processes & Biochemistry
Evolution & Natural Selection
200
A diagram shows DNA → mRNA → protein. Which molecule directly determines the order of amino acids?
What is mRNA?
200
A diagram shows a lizard moving from a sunny rock into the shade. Its body temperature begins to drop.
What homeostatic process is the lizard performing, and why is it necessary?
What is behavioral thermoregulation to keep body temperature in a safe range?
200
A food web shows arrows between organisms.
What do the arrows represent?
What is energy flow?
200
A diagram shows sunlight + CO₂ + H₂O → glucose + O₂.
Which cell organelle performs this process?
What is the chloroplast?
200
A cladogram (evolutionary tree) shows two species sharing a recent branch point. What does this indicate?
What is they share a recent common ancestor?
400
A DNA sequence changes from AAG → AGG. What type of change is this?
What is a substitution?
400
What homeostatic function is the plant performing when the stomata are open?
What is allowing gas exchange needed to maintain internal balance for photosynthesis?
400
An energy pyramid shows the largest level at the bottom. What group is found there?
What are producers/autotrophs?
400
A diagram shows glucose breaking down to release ATP. What process is shown?
What is cellular respiration?
400
A diagram shows Fossil X in a deeper layer than Fossil Y.
What can be concluded about the relative ages of these fossils?
What is Fossil X is older than Fossil Y?
600
A gel shows bands from four individuals. How do you figure out which two individuals are most closely related?
What are the two individuals with the most matching band patterns?
600
A graph shows blood glucose rising after a meal, then returning to normal. Which two body systems interact to bring glucose levels back down?
What are the endocrine system (insulin) and the circulatory system?
600
A graph shows CO₂ levels rising in an ecosystem after a forest fire. A second line shows plant biomass slowly increasing over several years.
Explain the relationship between CO₂ levels and plant biomass during recovery.
What is CO₂ rises when plants are destroyed; as plant biomass increases again, CO₂ levels gradually decrease because plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis.
600
A diagram shows a cell with many mitochondria. What type of cell activity requires this?
What is high energy use (muscle cells)?
600
A diagram compares a bat wing and a human arm. What type of structures are these?
What are homologous structures?
800
A diagram shows identical twins with different fur colors due to temperature. What factor caused the difference?
What are environmental factors that affected gene expression?
800
A diagram shows oxygen moving from alveoli → blood. Which two systems are interacting?
What are the respiratory and circulatory systems?
800
A population graph levels off. What is this flat line called?
What is the carrying capacity?
800
An enzyme's activity can drop when it becomes denatured. This is one factor that can cause denaturing to make it no longer fit the substrate.
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What are high temperatures, extreme pH levels, chemicals (like alcohols or detergents), heavy metals, and mechanical agitation?
800
A graph shows dark moths increasing after pollution. 
What is natural selection?
1000
A diagram shows a gene inserted into bacterial DNA. What technique is being used?
What is recombinant DNA / gene insertion or genetic engineering?
1000
A hormone binds only to one type of cell.
What structure makes this possible?
What are receptor molecules on the target cell?
1000
A diagram shows a non‑native species outcompeting native ones. What type of species is this?
What is an invasive species?
1000
A diagram shows water moving from high concentration → low concentration.
What process is this?
What is osmosis?
1000
A DNA chart shows Species A and B differ by 3 bases, but Species C differs by 15. Which species are most closely related?
What is Species A and B are most closely related?