New Imperialism
Describe why Japan was able to respond to the era of imperialism effectively, while China had an ineffective response.
Meiji Restoration (Japan)
Modernized rapidly.
Adopted Western technology
Built factories and a modern military
Resisted Westernization.
Conservative leaders, including Empress Dowager Cixi, opposed major reforms.
Fell behind industrial powers.
During the Age of exploration name the most powerful European country in the Americas, (both North and South America). Then, after naming the country, name one way in which this empire made money.(Hint: This country had a lot of territory in South America)
The Spanish Empire was the largest empire of the 1500s and 1600s. SOUTH AMERICA
Important features:
Silver mines in the Americas (especially Potosí)
Plantation slavery in the Caribbean
Trade with Asia through the Philippines (Manila Galleons)
Why did Austria not develop into an absolutist state? What is the main problem of the Austrian monarchy that made it difficult to have a strong central government in Vienna?
It had many different cultures, so these cultures often fought with eachother.
Name and explain two of the main causes of World War One.
M – Militarism
Countries built huge armies and navies.
A – Alliances
Complex alliances pulled countries into war.
I – Imperialism
Competition for colonies and resources.
N – Nationalism
Extreme pride in one's country.
Name two artists from the Renaissance and describe the art they made。
Michelangelo – David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Raphael – School of Athens
Titian – Venus of Urbino
Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Out of all the countries that had a role in colonizing Qing dynasty China, name 2 of them.
Russia or UK or France or Germany or Japan or America
During the Age of exploration, name the first country to find a pathway to Asia through Africa and into the spice trade. Then , name any one of the colonies that they had across the world. (Hint: In Europe, this country is NOT Spain, but is very close to it.)
Portuguese Empire
Important locations:
Brazil
Macau
Angola
Mozambique
Spice Islands
Describe what nationalism is and why is a threat to some countries that have a lot of different ethnicities and cultures.
Loyalty and pride in one's nation.
The belief that people with the same culture or ethnicity should govern themselves.
Problems for multiethnic empires:
Different groups wanted independence and self-government.
The Treaty of Versailles ended the First World War Explain why the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the beginning of World War Two.
The Great Depression:
Destroyed the Dawes Plan.
Germany could not repay reparations.
Consequences:
Unemployment increased.
Adolf Hitler and the Nazis gained support.
Remember:
People are often more likely to support radical movements during times of economic crisis.
Name two reasons that Martin Luther wanted to leave the Catholic Church and form the protestant church.
Absenteeism – Church officials were absent from their duties.
Pluralism – One person held many church offices at once.
Nepotism – Giving church jobs to family members.
Indulgences – Certificates sold by the Church that supposedly reduced punishment for sins.
Why was it very easy for Europeans to colonize the majority of Africa and Southeast Asia during the era of Imperialism? Hint, I want you to name some technologies.
Machine guns (Gatlin gun / Maxim gun)
Steel battleships
Quinine and other medicines against malaria
Railroads and steamships
The Second Industrial Revolution
During the age of exploration, there was a country that became very famous because of it controlled large parts of the Spice trade and because of the VOC. Name this European country and name its most famous colony in the world.
Dutch Empire
Important areas:
Dutch East Indies / INDONESIA
Modern Indonesia
The Dutch became major trading powers through the Dutch East India Company (VOC).
The French Revolution has several phases. Name two of the phrases and describe what is so special about them.
1. National Assembly
Declared the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Beginning of the Revolution.
2. Reign of Terror
Guillotine used extensively.
Political opponents executed.
Led by Robespierre.
3. Thermidorian Reaction
End of the Terror.
More moderate government.
4. Napoleon
Established the Napoleonic Code.
Expanded French power across Europe.
Why were Italy and Japan willing to be friends with Germany during the 1930s, even though both of these countries defeated Germany during World War One?
Were technically winners.
Felt cheated at the peace settlements.
Believed they deserved more territory and influence.
Explain the development of Absolutism in Prussia. Did it develop into a strong central state? Why or why not.
Prussia became an **absolute monarchy** because:
It was geographically vulnerable and easy to invade.
It developed a strong military.
Why was the colonization of the Congo in Africa so brutal and terrible? Additionally, name the country that colonized the Congo.
Controlled by Belgium.
Africans were subjected to forced labor.
Workers who did not meet quotas could have their hands cut off.
Describe what happened in the Battle of Trafalgar and why it has consequences in World History.
Combatants:
United Kingdom
France and Spain as friends
Results:
Britain became the dominant naval power of the 19th century.
Helped Britain build a global empire.
The unification of Germany and Italy were very important for world history. In what ways does the unification of these two countries affect the balance of power in the world. Also, why is the unification of Germany and Italy important for world imperialism?
Effects of Unification
Germany and Italy:
Changed the balance of power in Europe.
Created new alliances.
Later built new overseas empires.
Why did the Japanese Empire invade China in 1937?
Desire for resources
Nationalism
Militarism
Desire to become a world power
Social Darwinist ideas
Competition with Western empires
Explain the Glorious Revolution in England and why it shows that absolutism did not develop in the England. (Not called United Kingdom until 1707, Glorious Revolution was in 1688)
1. English Civil War
Conflict between Parliament and King Charles I.
Cavaliers supported the king.
Roundheads supported Parliament.
2. Parliament won.
3. Glorious Revolution (1688)
Limited the power of the monarchy.
Strengthened Parliament.
England gradually became a constitutional monarchy.
Kameroon belonged to which country
German Empire
Why was Napoleon’s invasion of Spain and Portugal so important to World History?
Napoleon and Latin America
Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal.
Consequences:
Weakened Spanish authority.
Inspired independence movements throughout Latin America.
1. Describe the unification of Germany. Who led the unification process of Germany? How was Germany unified? Was it a peaceful process.
Otto von Bismarck
Wars involved( no need to know the specific wars, just know that it was unified through war)
Explain why German people were willing to listen and accept a man like Hitler who seemed crazy。
People are often more likely to support radical movements during times of economic crisis.
Describe the overall goals of the Congress of Vienna(1815). What about the Congress of Berlin?(1885)
Congress of Vienna (1815)
Goal:
Maintain the balance of power.
Prevent another Napoleon from dominating Europe.
Congress of Berlin (1884–1885)
Goal:
Divide Africa among European powers.
Formalized the "Scramble for Africa."