Transcription
Name the process of the formation of an mRNA molecule against the template strand of a DNA molecule in the nucleus by complementary nucleotide base pairing
Transcription
What is the name of a section of DNA or mRNA that codes for a polypeptide?
exon
Name the process where the joining of amino acids in a specific order forms a polypeptide, according to the mRNA sequence read by ribosomes
Translation
What is the first codon of an mRNA strand translated by a ribosome called?
start codon
What is the DNA strand that serves as a pattern for making complementary polynucleotides called?
template strand
What is the name of a section of DNA or mRNA that does not code for a polypeptide
intron
What is a series of three adjacent nucleotide bases in DNA and mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid to be added to a polypeptide or signals start or stop called?
codon
What is the name of a ribonucleic acid molecule with a specific RNA codon which pair with a particular amino acid from the cytoplasm to deliver the amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain inside a ribosome?
transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the name of the region containing a noncoding section of DNA upstream of a gene that initiates transcription?
promoter region
What is the process of removing parts of an mRNA strand, particularly any unnecessary introns, to produce mature mRNA called?
RNA splicing
What is a polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds and forms a protein or part of a protein called?
polypeptide
Name the organelle where polypeptide synthesis occurs in all cells
ribosome
What is the DNA strand complementary to the template strand; does not form the pattern for the synthesis of complementary polynucleotide called?
non-template strand
What is the name of the molecule added to the 5' end of an mRNA strand to protect it from degradation and direct it out of the nucleus?
5' cap
What is a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a tRNA molecule that pairs with complementary bases on an mRNA strand during translation at a ribosome called?
anticodon
How many codon combination options are there?
What is the name of the enzyme that produces mRNA from the DNA template strand; major enzyme in transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the section of repeated adenosine bases added to end of an mRNA strand to protect it from degradation called?
poly-A tail
What amino acid does AUG code for?
Methionine (Met)
Which subunit of the ribosome takes tRNA molecules from the cytoplasm and tests their match with the mRNA strand?
The large subunit