Social Cognition
How does Social Cognition differ from Social Perception?
"Think about a person" rather than "What think of a person"
A biased schema can lead someone to think that Ingrid Bergman's famous line in Casablanca is
"Play it again, Sam."
The three components of an attitude are
affective (emotion), cognitive (belief), behavioral (action)
What type of choice is typically necessary to produce cognitive dissonance?
High choice/illusion of choice
What kind of social comparison can make you feel bad but also be motivating?
upward social comparison
The feeling of ease associated with processing information is known as
fluency
Lord et al.'s (1979) study of biased assimilation investigated pro and anti partisans regarding what issue?
capital punishment (death penalty)
LaPiere (1934) was told by how many proprietors that they would definitely welcome a Chinese couple? And how many actually refused the couple?
One!
One way to induce dissonance is to ask someone to write a...
counterattitudinal essay
Phil Brickman and colleagues (1978) argued that, when it comes to happiness, we are ultimately "running" on what?
a hedonic treadmill
The relative frequency of various members of different categories in a population is known as
base-rate information
Zanna and Pack (1975) found no evidence of a self-fulfilling prophecy when a female participant's potential interaction partner was
undesirable
Attitudes are often measured using what type of scale?
Likert
Using cognitive dissonance, Jonathan Freedman (1965) kept kids from playing with a toy robot by telling them
"It is wrong to play with the robot."
Focalism helps explain why we are bad at...
affective forecasting
The erroneous belief that two variables are associated when they are not is known as
illusory correlation
Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid (1977) demonstrated a version of the self-fulfilling prophecy among female partners of male participants given a photo -- a version known as
behavioral confirmation
By not using any deception, the researchers in the Yale Attitude Change School risked introducing what problem into their studies?
demand characteristics
If one wants an individual to internalize a prohibition, how much pressure should one use?
Zanna and Cooper (1974) helped distinguish cognitive dissonance from self-perception using what concept?
mistattribution of arousal
The statistical tendency of extreme values of one variable to be associated with less extreme values of another variable is known as
the regression effect
Which is deadlier: coyotes or champagne corks?
coyotes, I guess
Like automatic vs. controlled thinking and System 1 vs. System 2 thinking, the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is what kind of model?
dual-process model
Cognitive dissonance theory helps explain why, in the long run, we regret ___ more.
inaction
Enhancing the likelihood of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus is known as
negative reinforcement