Chemical Function of Lipids
Triacylglycerol is classified as what type of lipid?
Energy Storage Lipid
A fatty acid with 2 or more double bonds present and decreases the risk of heart disease but increases risk of cancer.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
A rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the GALC gene, leading to a deficiency of the enzyme GALACTOCEREBROSIDASE.
Krabbe Disease
It is the primary source of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid synthesis and is involved in signal transmission across membranes.
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
An oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid.
Eicosanoid
True or False.
Glycerophospholipid has 3 ester linkages.
False.
Glycerophospholipid has 4 ester linkages while TAG has 3 ester linkages.
True or False.
1. -Cis bonds are located in the same position causing the fatty acid to bend.
2. -Trans bonds are located in the same position causing the fatty acid to bend.
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a. Statement 1 is correct.
b. Statement 2 is correct.
c. Neither statements are correct.
a. Statement 1 is correct.
True or False.
Niemann-Pick Disease is caused by genetic mutations affecting the SMPD2 gene or NPC1/NPC2 genes.
False.
SMPD1 gene.
True or False.
1. Phosphatidylethanolamine is also called lecithin.
2. Phosphatidylcholine is also called cephalin.
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a. Statement 1 is true.
b. Statement 2 is true.
c. Neither statements are true.
C. Neither statements are true.
True or False.
A non-saponifiable lipid undergoes hydrolysis in basic solution.
False.
Does not undergo
What is the other term for Sulfatides or sulphated cerebrosides?
Sulfoglycosphingolipids
Give 2 examples of a NON-ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID.
Stearic acid
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Arachidic acid
Myristic acid
This disease results in symptoms such as pain in the hands and feet (acroparesthesia), dark skin spots (angiokerastomas), and impaired sweating.
Fabry disease
What does DPPC stand for?
Clue: It is a major component of lung surfactant.
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
What is the other term for "mineral wax"?
Paraffin wax
Anna went to the grocery store to buy milk and the label had "Less Fat". Give the exact definition of "Less Fat".
At least 25% less fat per serving than regular food.
Give 4 General Functions of Lipids.
1. Efficient energy source
2. Serve as thermal insulators.
3. Structural components of cell membrane.
4. Serve as precursors for hormones.
5. Helps dissolve fat-soluble vitamins.
Ben, a 2-year old patient was admitted to the hospital due to enlargement of the liver and spleen and bone abnormalities. Lab tests show that Ben has signs of anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. What disease does Ben have?
Gaucher disease
Coco Martz, a microbiologist studied extensively about Glycerophosphatides. During a lab examination, he stumbled upon a question regarding unusual ether glycero-phospholipid involved in thrombotic and inflammatory processes. What type of glycerophosphatide is described in the exam?
Platelet-activating factor (PAF).
Nick, a tennis player, was banned from competing in tennis matches for three years due to illegal use of steroid drugs or "doping" to enhance muscle strength and endurance. What anabolic steroid do you think Nick used?
Methandrostenolone
Enumerate 5 defining Features of Fats.
1. Source: Animal
2. Physical State: Solid or semi-solid
3. Predominant Fatty Acid: Saturated compounds
4. Structure: Linear
5. Melting point: High or Higher than oils
Enumerate the 5 Saturated Fatty Acids with their corresponding Structural notation.
1. Lauric acid- 12:0
2. Myristic acid- 14:0
3. Palmitic acid- 16:0
4. Stearic acid- 18:0
5. Arachidic acid- 20:0
Enumerate 5 deficient enzymes associated with their corresponding disease.
1. Fabry Disease
2. Gaucher disease
3. Niemann-Pick disease
4. Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
5. Tay-Sachs disease
1. Fabry: a-galactosidase
2. Gaucher: glucocerebrosidase (B-glucosidase)
3. Niemann: Sphingomyelinase
4. Metachromatic: Arylsulfatase A
5. Tay-Sachs: B-Hexosaminidasese A
What are the three amino alcohols attached to the phosphate group of a glycerophospholipid?
1. Choline
2. Ethanolamine
3. Serine
Enumerate 5 saponifiable lipids.
1. TAGs
2. Glycerophospholipids
3. Sphingoglycolipids
4. Sphingophospholipids
5. Biological Waxes