Grammar
When do we use present perfect progressive
We use when the action started in the past and still going on
During the final of the Texas Championship, Natasha Terranova got extremely angry, behaved worse than the previous year, and threw her racket at...
the umpire
We have a nice dog right now—a Rottweiler."
Customer: "A Rottweiler! Oh, no! I've heard about them on the news. They're ______
very big and mean
Kate didn't used to wear tight jeans because she preferred loose, comfortable clothes.
didn't use to
Translate the specific word used to describe the tennis referee sitting in the high chair (from the Natasha Terranova story):
When do we use gerund
We use it when we want to share our feelings
Wilhemina C. Williams took sleeping pills on the plane, but when she woke up, she discovered that due to engine trouble her aircraft had returned to...
New York
But your boat isn't very big, Waldo. Will it get to Australia?"
Waldo: "Oh, yes. I think so. It'll get there all right. It'll take ____________, of course. But we're not in a hurry."
a long time
Vera has been waiting to see her doctor since three hours, and she is starting to lose her patience."
for three hours
Translate the specific noun used by the sports commentator to describe the finished, complex gymnastic performance of Olga Ivanov (from Unit 4):
Routine
When do we use conditional type 2
We use it in not real and facts
Jackson Burns dreamed that his hotel room on the 40th floor was on fire, but upon waking up in his own bed, he realized his room was full of smoke because his...
apartment was on fire
"Which do you recommend?"
Attendant: "Well, parakeets aren't as easy to train as parrots, do they?"
Customer: "Yes, but parakeets don't need ____________ as parrots, do they?"
Attendant: "That's true."
as much space
Vera is extremely upset because she has been knowing her doctor for over five years, yet she has been kept waiting since nine o'clock this morning.
has known
Translate the exact noun for the medical document/paper that the doctor wrote for Candi Faulkner's sleepwalking sister (from Unit 8):
Prescription
When do we use present perfect? Say 5 rules
1 unfinished time
2 result
3 key words
4 life experience
5 since and for
The spectators watched with disappointment as the British athlete, Ted Kelly, failed his last high jump try because he crashed into...
The bar
Reporter: "Oooh! He's crashed into the bar! He's landing. The bar's fallen. Is he hurt? ____________. He's getting up and walking away..."
No, no, he's all right
By the time the search helicopter finally spotted them in the water, the elderly couple had rescued by a passing fishing boat.
had been rescued
Translate the exact compound noun for the specific dessert that Candi Faulkner's sister ate at night with her eyes closed (from Unit 8):
Cheesecake
When do we use indirect speech
We use it When we want to report someone's words without quoting them directly
Jack Lumber from Canada won the gold medal in the men's javelin final on his very first try because he threw the javelin over...
100 meters
Interviewer: "Will you take a radio with you?"
Waldo: "No, no, no. We never listen to the radio. We don't like ____________. We like peace and quiet. We'll take a lot of books."
pop music
Mark Foden steer the runaway truck into a field; otherwise, it could have easily been collided with the passenger train.
could have easily collided
Translate the exact noun for the horizontal pole/obstacle that high jumpers must clear, which Ted Kelly accidentally crashed into (from Unit 4):
bar