PHONOLOGY & PHONETICS
What is the term for the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish one word from another?
A phoneme.
What do we call a morpheme that cannot stand alone as a word and must be attached to a base (such as prefixes and suffixes)?
A bound morpheme (or affix).
What is the semantic relationship between the words "big" and "large", and how does it contrast with the relationship between "hot" and "cold"?
"Big" and "large" are synonyms; "hot" and "cold" are antonyms.
Look at this phonetic symbol: /ð/. Is this consonant sound voiced or voiceless, and what is its place of articulation?
It is voiced and dental
In the word "unbelievable", identify the root morpheme and state whether the prefix is inflectional or derivational.
The root is "believe" and the prefix is derivational.
Look at the visual diagram showing overlapping semantic features (e.g., [+human], [+adult], [-male]). Which English noun perfectly satisfies all three criteria simultaneously?
Woman.
Look at the image of the vocal tract provided. What is the name of the active articulator marked with the arrow pointing to the flexible flap at the back of the roof of the mouth?
The velum
Look at the morphological analysis tree diagram for the word "unhappiness". Which morpheme attaches first to the root to form the intermediate stem?
The prefix "un-" attaches to the root "happy" first
According to J.L. Austin's Speech Act Theory, what is the term for the intended effect or psychological impact that an utterance has on the listener?
The perlocutionary act (or perlocutionary effect).