Scientific Sleuths
A specific, testable prediction about the relationship between variables is called this.
What is a hypothesis?
The branch of the nervous system that activates “fight or flight” is this division.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Learning that occurs when behavior changes because of its consequences is called this.
What is operant conditioning?
A quick mental shortcut that can save time but may create errors is called this.
What is a heuristic?
Studying because you genuinely enjoy learning about psychology is this type of motivation.
What is intrinsic motivation?
A researcher changes the amount of caffeine participants receive. This manipulated factor is the _____.
What is an Independent Variable?
This stage of sleep is associated with vivid dreams, rapid eye movements, and temporary muscle paralysis.
What is REM sleep?
In Pavlov’s experiment, food naturally caused dogs to salivate. Food was the ____.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
A step-by-step problem-solving method that guarantees a correct solution when used properly is this.
What is an algorithm?
In Maslow’s hierarchy, food, water, sleep, and shelter belong to this foundational category of needs.
What are physiological needs?
A researcher observes students' phone use in the student center without interacting with them. This is what type of research?
What is Naturalistic Observation?
This brain structure is especially important for forming new explicit long-term memories.
What is the hippocampus?
A student studies more often because checking Canvas removes the anxiety of not knowing what is due. This is ____.
What is negative reinforcement?
A test that measures a person's shoe size to determine how smart they are will be considered _______ due to its repeatable number every time they take it, but it has no ________ for measuring brain power.
What is reliability and validity?
A former neutral Canvas notification sound repeatedly appears with stressful assignment alerts and eventually produces anxiety on its own. The sound has become this.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Studying the same group of students from freshman year through graduation is this type of research design.
What is longitudinal research?
A drug that blocks or reduces the action of a neurotransmitter is called this.
What is an antagonist?
A person is asked, “Did you see the broken headlight?” after a crash, then later remembers a broken headlight that was never there. This illustrates the ____.
What is the misinformation effect?
After hearing about a dramatic shark attack, a person overestimates how common shark attacks are because examples come to mind easily. This is the ____.
What is the availability heuristic?
A student remembers a term more effectively after connecting it to a personal experience. This memory advantage is called the ____.
What is the self-reference effect?
This approach, associated with Freud, emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences.
What is psychoanalysis?
A person punches and kicks while vividly dreaming because the normal muscle paralysis of REM sleep is absent. This disorder is ____.
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
Memory is not a perfect recording; rather, people rebuild memories using existing knowledge, expectations, and later information.
What is reconstructive memory?
The relationship between academic stress and GPA is stronger for students with limited financial support than for students with strong financial support. Financial support changes the strength of the relationship, making it a ____.
What is a moderator?
A student studies only to avoid disappointing their parents. This is primarily this type of motivation.
What is extrinsic motivation?