SCIENCE
When you feel scared or excited, your heart beats faster because a hormone prepares your body for action.
What is the name of this hormone?
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
During World War II, the countries were divided into two main groups.
Name the three main countries that formed the Axis Powers and the three main countries of the Allied Powers.
Axis Powers:
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allied Powers:
United States
United Kingdom
Soviet Union
Óscar Figueroa won Olympic gold for Colombia at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.
In which sport and category did he win his gold medal?
Weightlifting, men's 62 kg category.
Explain the difference in meaning:
I stopped smoking → I quit the habit.
I stopped to smoke → I paused another activity in order to smoke.
This album is considered the best-selling album in music history, with estimated sales of more than 70 million copies worldwide.
Who is the artist and what is the name of the album?
Michael Jackson — Thriller (1982)
What is an exoplanet? Describe what makes it different from the planets in our Solar System.
An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star outside our Solar System. It is different because it does not orbit the Sun; it revolves around another star.
During Álvaro Uribe Vélez’s government (2002–2010), Colombia implemented the Democratic Security Policy.
What was the main objective of this policy?
Its main objective was to strengthen state control, increase military presence, and fight illegal armed groups in order to improve security in Colombia.
An Ironman Triathlon combines three different sports.
Name the three disciplines athletes must complete.
Swimming
Cycling
Running
Change this sentence into reported speech:
Direct speech:
"I have never visited London," Sarah said.
Sarah said that she had never visited London.
In the Marvel universe, the character Thanos believes that eliminating half of all life in the universe will create balance.
What object does he use to achieve this goal, and what is its purpose?
He uses the Infinity Gauntlet, which allows him to control the six Infinity Stones and gain almost unlimited power.
Why do antibiotics usually not work against viruses?
Because antibiotics target structures and processes found in bacteria, such as cell walls and bacterial ribosomes, which viruses do not have.
What is the main difference between a theocracy and a monarchy?
A theocracy is a system where political power is based on religion and religious leaders may govern the state.
A monarchy is a system where power is held by a king or queen, usually through a royal family.
This fighter retired with a professional MMA record of 29 wins and 0 losses and became famous for his dominant wrestling and grappling style.
Who is this fighter?
Khabib Nurmagomedov
Complete the sentence using the correct future tense and explain why:
"By the end of this decade, scientists __________ (develop) more advanced technologies."
The sentence uses the Future Perfect because it describes an action that will be completed before a specific moment in the future.
Explain the main plot of The Lord of the Rings.
The Lord of the Rings follows Frodo Baggins, a hobbit who must destroy the One Ring, a powerful artifact created by Sauron, the Dark Lord, to control Middle-earth. The Ring is dangerous because it can corrupt the person who possesses it and increase Sauron’s power. Frodo, with the help of the Fellowship of the Ring, travels to Mount Doom in Mordor, the only place where the Ring can be destroyed, in order to defeat Sauron and save Middle-earth.
What is the approximate speed of light in a vacuum?
299,792 meters per second
(or approximately 300,000 km/s)
Put these historical events in the correct chronological order, from the oldest to the most recent:
A. The Treaty of Tordesillas
B. The Fall of Constantinople
C. The Enlightenment
D. The Rise of the Roman Empire
E. The Protestant Reformation
F. The American Revolution
D. The Rise of the Roman Empire (27 BCE) →
B. The Fall of Constantinople (1453 CE) →
A. The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494 CE) →
E. The Protestant Reformation (1517 CE) →
C. The Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries) →
F. The American Revolution (1775–1783)
Where were the first Olympic Games in history held, and why were they created?
They were held in Olympia, Ancient Greece, and they were created as a religious and athletic festival to honor Zeus and celebrate competition among Greek city-states.
Explain the meaning of the idiom:
"Pass with flying colors"
Then, create your own sentence using this expression correctly.
Meaning: To succeed in something with an excellent result or to achieve a very high level of success.
Christopher Nolan is considered one of the most influential film directors of the 21st century.
Name three movies directed by Christopher Nolan.
Inception
Interstellar
The Dark Knight
Dunkirk
Oppenheimer
Memento
The Odyssey
Explain the meaning of Einstein’s famous equation:
E = mc²
E = Energy
m = Mass
c = Speed of light
It means that mass can be transformed into energy. Even a very small amount of mass can create a huge amount of energy because the speed of light is extremely large.
What are the main historical and political causes of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?
The dispute over land and territory in the region.
The creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and its consequences.
Conflicting national aspirations between Israelis and Palestinians.
Disagreements over the status of Jerusalem.
Security concerns and the control of certain territories.
Only a few clubs have won the UEFA Champions League more than five times.
Name the three clubs with the most Champions League titles in history.
Real Madrid
AC Milan
Bayern Munich
Identify the grammatical structure used and explain what is omitted:
"Some people believe technology will replace many jobs; others do not."
What does "do not" replace?
The sentence uses ellipsis to avoid repeating information already mentioned.
This painting shows a night sky full of swirling blue and yellow stars above a small village. The artist used expressive brushstrokes and intense colors to represent emotion rather than a realistic view of the world. It was created while the artist was staying in a mental health facility in France and later became one of the most famous paintings in history.
The Starry Night — Vincent van Gogh (1889)