Micronutrients
Name the micronutrient that helps the body absorb calcium.
Vitamin D
Which macronutrient is the body's preferred source of energy?
Carbohydrates
Name the five dimensions of health and wellbeing.
Physical, Social, Mental, Emotional and Spiritual
Which food selection model uses stars to compare packaged foods?
Health Star Rating
What is meant by nutritional imbalance?
Consuming insufficient or excessive amount of one or more nutrients
Identify two food sources that are high in iron
Any two: lean red meat, eggs, spinach, legumes, fortified cereals.
Which macronutrient provides 37 kJ of energy per gram?
Fat
Which dimension of health relates to developing positive relationships with others?
Social health and wellbeing.
Name two Australian food selection models.
Any two: Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, Healthy Eating Pyramid, Health Star Rating.
Identify one short-term consequence of consuming too much sugar.
Dental decay, rapid energy spikes and crashes, or overeating.
Explain why calcium is important for adolescent health and wellbeing.
Calcium helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth during adolescence, reducing the risk of fractures and osteoporosis later in life.
Explain why protein is important during adolescence.
Protein supports growth, repair and maintenance of body tissues during the rapid growth experienced in adolescence.
Explain how eating breakfast can improve mental health and wellbeing.
Breakfast provides energy and nutrients that improve concentration, memory, learning and problem-solving at school.
Explain one advantage of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating.
Healthy Eating.It visually shows the recommended proportions of the five food groups, helping people plan a balanced diet.
Explain how a high-GI diet can contribute to overeating.
High-GI foods rapidly increase blood glucose levels followed by a quick drop, causing hunger and increasing the likelihood of overeating.
Evaluate which micronutrient (iron, calcium or vitamin D) has the greatest impact on adolescent health. Justify your answer.
A strong response explains that all are important. For example, calcium supports bone growth, vitamin D helps absorb calcium, and iron transports oxygen. Students should justify their chosen nutrient using evidence.
Justify why carbohydrates should provide a greater proportion of daily energy intake than fats.
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred fuel source and provide readily available energy. While fats are important, they provide more energy per gram (37 kJ) and excessive intake can increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Evaluate how good nutrition can improve three dimensions of health and wellbeing. Use examples to justify your answer.
Example: Physical (more energy and stronger body), Intellectual (better concentration and memory), Social (more energy to participate with friends). Other justified dimensions are acceptable.
Evaluate which food selection model is most useful for helping teenagers make healthy food choices. Justify your answer.
Responses will vary. Students should justify why their chosen model is most effective. For example, AGHE helps plan a balanced diet, while HSR compares packaged foods quickly.
Justify how nutritional imbalance can increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Consuming excessive saturated fats, sugars and discretionary foods can lead to weight gain and obesity. Excess saturated fat and sodium increase cholesterol and blood pressure, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Ava rarely eats meat, spends little time outdoors and recently fractured her wrist. Evaluate which micronutrient deficiency is likely to have the greatest impact on her health and recommend strategies to improve her nutrient intake.
Ava is likely deficient in vitamin D (little sun exposure) and possibly calcium (fracture) or iron (little meat). Students should evaluate the most significant deficiency and recommend strategies such as increasing sunlight exposure, consuming dairy or fortified alternatives, leafy greens, fish, lean meats or supplements if advised by a doctor.
Scenario: Liam plays basketball four times each week and has removed carbohydrates from his diet because he thinks they are unhealthy. Evaluate how this decision may affect his health and wellbeing.
Liam may experience fatigue, reduced sporting performance, poor concentration and slower recovery because carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. Long-term restriction may negatively affect physical and intellectual health and wellbeing.
Scenario: Sam skips breakfast, eats fast food every day and has stopped participating in sport. He feels tired, struggles to concentrate and has withdrawn from his friends. Evaluate how Sam's nutrition is affecting at least four dimensions of health and wellbeing.
Physical: low energy and poor fitness.
Mental: reduced concentration, learning and increase stress.
Social: withdrawal from friends.
Emotional: increased stress, lower self-esteem or mood.
Students should justify each dimension using evidence from the scenario.
Scenario: Josh only uses the Health Star Rating when buying food and ignores the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Evaluate whether Josh is making the healthiest food choices.
Josh may make healthier packaged food choices but could still have an unbalanced diet. The Health Star Rating does not apply to fresh foods or show recommended food group proportions. Using both models would support healthier eating.
Scenario: Mia eats takeaway meals most nights, drinks soft drink daily and rarely eats fruit or vegetables. Evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of her eating habits on health and wellbeing.
Short-term: fatigue, dehydration, poor concentration, overeating and weight gain. Long-term: obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dental decay and reduced quality of life. Students should recommend increasing fruit, vegetables, wholegrains and water while reducing discretionary foods.