Psychiatry lol
16. A 21 y/o college senior visits the emergency department after experiencing a sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, tingling in extremities, and intense fear, as well as an out-of-body sensation. After medical workup, the patient is given oral alprazolam and referred to a psychiatrist for a diagnostic evaluation. Of the following history, which confirms a diagnosis of panic disorder?
A. Fear of using public transportation
B. Fear of recurrent, unexpected attacks
C. History of persistent fear attending school
D. Feeling panic when being called on in class
E. Persistent symptoms of depersonalization/derealization
B. Fear of recurrent, unexpected attacks
19. Which of the following is a mechanism underlying epigenetic effects on genetic expression?
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. DNA methylation
D. Selective mutation
E. Trinucleotide repeats
C. DNA methylation
18. Informed consent is grounded primarily in the ethical principle of:
A. justice
B. integrity
C. autonomy
D. beneficience
E. nonmaleficence
C. autonomy
22. The psychoeducation component of cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents often utilizes which of the following treatment strategies?
A. Eliciting information about family dynamics
B. Self-monitoring of emotional states with daily diaries
C. Social skills training to enhance psychosocial interactions with peers
D. Behavioral assessment through clinical interview and screening tools
E. Obtaining information about the patient's academic performance from teachers
B. Self-monitoring of emotional states with daily diaries
21. Conversion from a substance-induced first psychotic episode to schizophrenia is most highly associated with which of the following substances?
A. Opiate
B. Cocaine
C. Cannabis
D. Hallucinogen
E. Amphetamine
C. Cannabis
24. Which of the following best describes the function of microRNA?
A. Regulates gene expression
B. Stops parasitic genetic elements
C. Directly chemically modifies other RNAs
D. Carries the transcribed message from DNA
E. Splices immature RNAs to reach their final form
A. Regulates gene expression
28. The physiologic changes during REM sleep include increased eye movements, decreased muscle tone, and which of the following?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Increased muscle activity
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Decreased respirations
E. Decreased cerebral blood flow
A. Increased heart rate
20. By what age is cisgender identity usually well established?
A. One year
B. Three years
C. Five years
D. Seven years
E. Nine years
B. Three years
29. Which of the following abnormalities of speech or language is a patient with autism spectrum disorder most likely to demonstrate?
A. Dyslexia
B. Aphasia
C. Impaired prosody
D. Pressured speech
E. Problematic enunciation
C. Impaired prosody
26. Cortical brain areas form connections between cerebral hemispheres via which of the following?
A. Projection fibers
B. Commissural fibers
C. Associational fibers
D. Corticobulbar tracts
E. Corticopontine tracts
B. Commissural fibers
25. A patient with anorexia is hospitalized, and refeeding begins as part of their medical treatment. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities can be avoided by closely monitoring the rate of refeeding?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperchloremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
E. Hypophosphatemia
E. Hypophosphatemia
23. Who is considered to be the pioneer of cognitive behavioral therapy?
A. Aaron Beck
B. Carl Rogers
C. Gerald Klerman
D. Marsha Linehan
E. Nathan Ackerman
A. Aaron Beck
30. Because it acts as both an inducer and substrate of CYP3A4, which of the following medications might require a dose increase after several weeks to maintain steady-state blood levels?
A. Lithium
B. Phenytoin
C. Phenobarbital
D. Carbamazepine
E. Valproic acid
D. Carbamazepine
17. Which of the following circuits mediates the ability to resist responding to aggravating situations with hostility?
A. Papez
B. Dorsolateral
C. Orbitofrontal
D. Frontoparietal
E. Anterior cingulate
C. Orbitofrontal
27. An effectiveness study differs from an efficacy study in that it includes which of the following?
A. Blind assessments
B. Random assignment
C. Real-world conditions
D. Restrictive inclusion criteria
E. Circumscribed clinical population
C. Real-world conditions