Hypersensitivity
This hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell degranulation.
Answer: What is Type I hypersensitivity?
This is the most common primary immunodeficiency worldwide.
Answer: What is Selective IgA deficiency?
This is the preferred rescue medication during an acute asthma exacerbation.
Answer: What is albuterol?
This medication is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.
Answer: What is intramuscular epinephrine?
This autoantibody is most specific for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Answer: What is anti-dsDNA?
The classic skin test for tuberculosis demonstrates this type of hypersensitivity.
Answer: What is Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity?
Patients with this disorder have absent B cells due to BTK mutations.
Answer: What is X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton disease)?
This pulmonary function finding confirms reversible airway obstruction.
Answer: What is an increase in FEV₁ of ≥12% and ≥200 mL after bronchodilator?
This antibiotic class accounts for the majority of reported drug allergies.
Answer: What are penicillins?
This autoimmune disease commonly presents with dry eyes and dry mouth.
Answer: What is Sjögren syndrome?
Serum sickness and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis are examples of this hypersensitivity type.
Answer: What is Type III hypersensitivity?
Deficiency of this enzyme causes severe combined immunodeficiency by toxic purine metabolite accumulation.
Answer: What is adenosine deaminase (ADA)?
This biologic targets IgE and is used for allergic asthma.
Answer: What is omalizumab?
This allergy is commonly associated with alpha-gal syndrome after Lone Star tick bites.
Answer: What is red meat allergy?
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency causes this type of angioedema.
Answer: What is hereditary angioedema?
Goodpasture syndrome is caused by antibodies against this basement membrane component.
Answer: What is type IV collagen (α3 chain)?
A patient with recurrent Neisseria infections most likely has deficiency of these complement components.
Answer: What are C5–C9 (terminal complement components)?
This biologic targets IL-5 and is indicated for eosinophilic asthma.
Answer: What is mepolizumab?
This syndrome causes delayed anaphylaxis several hours after eating mammalian meat.
Answer: What is alpha-gal syndrome?
The preferred treatment for acute hereditary angioedema attacks is replacement of this deficient protein or blockade of this pathway.
Answer: What is C1 esterase inhibitor (or a bradykinin-targeted therapy such as icatibant)?
This cytokine is the primary driver of eosinophil maturation and survival.
Answer: What is IL-5?
This syndrome presents with eczema, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, and increased IgE.
Answer: What is Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome?
This fungal disorder presents with asthma, eosinophilia, elevated IgE, and central bronchiectasis.
Answer: What is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)?
This medication should generally be avoided in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
Answer: What are non-selective NSAIDs?
This eosinophilic vasculitis is associated with asthma, eosinophilia, sinusitis, and MPO-ANCA positivity.
Answer: What is Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss syndrome)?