Macromolecules
What are the large molecules built from smaller organic units called?
Macromolecules
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
Quick energy (or short-term energy)
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are water-fearing, or...
Hydrophobic
Because water has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other, it is a _______ molecule.
Polar
What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things?
The cell
What is the single unit or "building block" that joins together to form a polymer?
Monomer
What is the single-sugar monomer of a carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharide
What are the two main building blocks (monomers/components) of a typical fat molecule?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What property describes water molecules sticking to other water molecules?
Cohesion
What process allows organisms to maintain a stable internal balance (like body temperature)?
Homeostasis
Name the four main categories of macromolecules essential for life.
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What are the three elements that make up a Carbohydrate?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What type of lipid makes up the double-layered cell membrane?
Phospholipid
What property describes water molecules sticking to different surfaces?
Adhesion
What is the sum of all chemical reactions taking place inside a living organism called?
Metabolism
Which element forms the structural backbone of all organic macromolecules because it can make 4 bonds?
Carbon
Most sugars end in...
-OSE
Which type of fatty acid has only single carbon-carbon bonds and is solid at room temperature?
Saturated fatty acid
Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
Water expands when it freezes, making ice less dense
According to the Cell Theory, where do all new cells come from?
Pre-existing cells
What reaction links monomers together by removing a molecule of water?
Dehydration synthesis
A disaccharide has _____ sugars.
two
Ture or False: One main function of a lipid is short term energy storage.
False: One main function of a lipid is LONG term energy storage.
What type of weak chemical bond forms between neighboring water molecules?
Hydrogen bond
What genetic molecule carries the instructions for life in all living organisms?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)