Natural Selection
This is the process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and produce more offspring.
Natural Selection
What is another name for artificial selection?
Selective Breeding
Name the two main types of reproduction covered in this review.
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction requires how many parents?
One parent
Sexual reproduction usually results in offspring that are identical / not identical to either parent? HOW do you know?
Not identical, because offspring get genetic material from two different parents.
Which two factors that affect Natural Selection:
Adaptations
Neglect
Favoritism
Competition
Adaptations AND Competition
Who controls which organisms reproduce in artificial selection?
HUMANS
Which type of reproduction requires fertilization between egg and sperm?
Sexual Reproduction
List three examples of asexual reproduction from the provided list.
ANY of these examples: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, runners, or spores.
How much genetic information do offspring inherit from each parent?
About half from each parent
Explain WHY genetic variation HELPS a population SURVIVE environmental change.
Variation provides DIFFERENT traits. Some individuals will have traits better suited to new conditions and survive to reproduce.
Explain why artificial selection might NOT make a population better suited to its natural environment.
Humans select traits for human uses, not necessarily for survival in the wild.
What are the results of asexual and sexual reproduction?
Explain why offspring from asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.
Offspring receive identical genetic material because there is NO fertilization. 1 DNA is copied and passed on.
Explain why sexual reproduction increases the chances a population can survive environmental change.
Offspring will have variation. Some offspring may have combinations better suited to new conditions.
How do genetic traits change over time?
Natural Selection/Adaptations
Give one plant and one animal example of artificial selection AND state the desired trait for each.
Plant- corn for size, color and taste OR flowers for color
Animal- chickens for more egg count OR dogs for behavior, looks and size
Explain how the type of reproduction a species uses could affect how QUICKLY its population size changes when conditions are GOOD.
Asexual species can increase numbers quickly when conditions are good; sexual species increase more slowly but have more genetic variation.
State ONE advantages and ONE disadvantages of asexual reproduction for a population.
Advantages: rapid increase in numbers; no energy spent finding mates.
Disadvantages: no genetic variation; less ability to survive environmental change.
Explain how the offspring of sexual reproduction will differ from the offspring of asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction offspring will be genetically diverse. Asexual reproduction offspring will be genticially identical.
Give a specific example of natural selection AND briefly EXPLAIN how it changes a trait in a population.
Examples:
Peppered Moths- darker moths became more common in polluted areas since they could camouflage from predators
Giraffes- short neck giraffes could not reach food sources so overtime long neck giraffes became more common and were best suited
Describe a scenario where artificial selection could REDUCE genetic diversity and explain one possible consequence.
If breeders repeatedly choose similar parents, genetic diversity FALLS
Consequence: reduced adaptability
Predict how a population that reproduces only asexually might respond over many generations to a RAPIDLY changing environment.
Most likely DECLINE when conditions change because LOW variation reduces chances some individuals are suited to new conditions. Population may face EXTINCTION.
Compare the general offspring number AND reproduction rate (how long) between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual: more offspring, faster rate
Sexual: fewer offspring, slower rate
Why are plants and animals that use sexual reproduction better adapted to grow and survive in their environment?