Language as a System
This linguist described language as a system of interconnected signs.
interconnected signs.Who is Ferdinand de Saussure?
his linguist is associated with Universal Grammar and an innate language capacity.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
This learning theory explains language development through imitation, repetition, reinforcement and habit formation.
What is behaviourism?
Language is a system of signs whose elements gain value through their relationships with one another.
Who is Ferdinand de Saussure?
A teacher uses repetition, substitution drills and immediate reinforcement to help students form accurate language habits.
What is behaviourism?
Saussure’s term for the underlying shared system of a language.
What is langue?
This hypothesis proposes that language may influence habitual patterns of thought.
What is the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis or linguistic relativity?
This term describes the developing linguistic system created by a language learner, containing features of both the first and additional language.
What is interlanguage?
Humans possess an innate capacity for language and an underlying Universal Grammar?
Who is Noam Chomsky?
A teacher avoids correcting every learner error because some errors show that learners are actively constructing and revising their own language system.
What is interlanguage?
This approach argues that linguistic elements gain value through their relationships and contrasts with other elements.
What is structuralism?
This linguist viewed language as a social semiotic used to make meaning.
Who is M. A. K. Halliday?
This hypothesis proposes that learners acquire certain grammatical features in a broadly predictable sequence.
What is the natural order hypothesis?
Language is a social semiotic: people choose linguistic resources to make meaning in social contexts.
Who is M. A. K. Halliday?
Students examine how the same request changes when spoken to a friend, a lecturer or a stranger. This reflects a view of language as this.
What is social action or social interaction?
In Saussurean theory, this is the actual language produced by individual speakers.
What is parole?
This theorist distinguished subconscious acquisition from conscious language learning.
Who is Stephen Krashen?
Krashen used this expression for language input that learners can understand but that is slightly beyond their current level.
What is comprehensible input or i + 1?
The limits of my language mean the limits of my world; meaning is connected to language use.
Who is Ludwig Wittgenstein?
Instead of explicitly teaching every grammatical rule, a teacher provides large amounts of understandable language slightly above the learners’ present level.
What is Krashen’s comprehensible input or i + 1?
Explain why the relationship between cat, dog and animal supports a structural view of language.
Their meanings are partly understood through their relationships and contrasts within the linguistic system
“The meaning of a word is found in how people use it.” This statement is most closely associated with this
Who is Ludwig Wittgenstein?
This contested hypothesis proposes that language is acquired most successfully before a biologically determined period ends.
What is the critical period hypothesis?
The language people speak may influence how they categorise and interpret experience.
Who are Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf?
0Students compare how two languages categorise time, colour or relationships and consider whether these patterns influence habitual thought.
colour or relationships and consider whether these patterns influence habitual thought.What is linguistic relativity or the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis